Question

A nurse is caring for a client with metabolic acidosis. Which of the following can cause this condition? (Select all that apply)

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Salicylate toxicity
Diarrhea
Renal failure
Biliary fistula
Pancreatic fistula

Rationale :

🧪Metabolic acidosis develops when the body has excess acid accumulation or loses too much bicarbonate.

💊Salicylate toxicity can cause metabolic acidosis because toxic levels increase acid production and disrupt normal acid-base balance.

🚽Diarrhea, biliary fistulas, and pancreatic fistulas cause loss of bicarbonate-rich fluids, leading to decreased buffering capacity in the blood.

🤙Renal failure causes acid retention because the kidneys cannot effectively excrete hydrogen ions or regenerate bicarbonate.

📌Core Message

Metabolic acidosis commonly results from acid accumulation, renal acid retention, or bicarbonate loss through gastrointestinal or fistula drainage.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Pericardial effusion
Cardiac tamponade

Rationale :

💁‍♂️Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardial sac surrounding the heart.

💧Pericardial effusion can occur when fluid accumulates in the inflamed pericardial space.

🚨Cardiac tamponade is a serious complication because excess fluid compresses the heart and limits ventricular filling.

⚠️Tamponade can rapidly reduce cardiac output, making early recognition essential.

📌Core Message

Pericarditis can progress to pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, both of which threaten effective cardiac filling and output.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Angioedema
Dyspnea

Rationale :

🚑Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic allergic reaction that can rapidly affect the airway and breathing.

💁‍♂️Dyspnea occurs because bronchoconstriction and airway swelling interfere with effective ventilation.

😷Angioedema is expected because allergic inflammation can cause swelling of the lips, face, tongue, or airway tissues.

⚠️Airway compromise is the major concern during an anaphylactic reaction and requires urgent intervention.

📌Core Message

Anaphylaxis commonly presents with angioedema and dyspnea because airway swelling and bronchoconstriction can quickly become life-threatening.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Topical analgesic ointments
Astringent pads

Rationale :

🪑Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectal or anal area that can cause pain, itching, and discomfort.

🧴Topical analgesic ointments help relieve localized pain and irritation associated with hemorrhoids.

🧻Astringent pads help reduce irritation, soothe tissue, and support comfort after bowel movements.

💧Symptom management focuses on reducing discomfort while preventing straining and further rectal irritation.

📌Core Message

Hemorrhoid management includes topical analgesics and astringent pads to reduce local pain, irritation, and discomfort.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Limit physical activity.
Avoid alcohol.
Eat small, frequent meals.

Rationale :

🦠Hepatitis B causes inflammation of the liver, which can reduce energy and impair normal liver function.

🛌Limiting physical activity helps conserve energy while the body recovers from hepatic inflammation.

🚫Avoiding alcohol is essential because alcohol increases liver stress and can worsen hepatic injury.

🍽️Small frequent meals help maintain nutrition when fatigue, nausea, or poor appetite are present.

📌Core Message

Hepatitis B teaching emphasizes rest, alcohol avoidance, and small frequent meals to support liver healing and nutrition.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Infection
Gastric ulcer
Nephrolithiasis
Bone fractures

Rationale :

🧬Cushing’s disease causes prolonged exposure to excess cortisol, which affects multiple body systems.

🛡️Infection risk increases because excess cortisol suppresses the immune response.

🔥Gastric ulcers can occur because high cortisol levels increase vulnerability to gastrointestinal irritation and impaired tissue protection.

🦴Bone fractures and nephrolithiasis are associated with altered calcium metabolism and decreased bone strength.

📌Core Message

Cushing’s disease increases risk for infection, gastric ulcers, kidney stones, and fractures due to prolonged cortisol excess.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Hip stiffness
Limited range of motion
Limp when walking

Rationale :

🦵Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease involves impaired blood supply to the femoral head of the hip.

🚶Limping is common because hip pain and structural changes affect normal gait.

🔄Limited range of motion occurs as the hip joint becomes stiff and movement becomes uncomfortable.

🦴Hip stiffness reflects joint involvement and reduced mobility caused by changes in the femoral head.

📌Core Message

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease commonly causes hip stiffness, limited range of motion, and a limping gait due to femoral head involvement.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Loss in height of 5.1 cm (2 in)
Kyphotic curve at upper thoracic spine
History of lactose intolerance

Rationale :

🦴Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.

📏Loss of height can occur from vertebral compression fractures caused by weakened spinal bones.

🧍Kyphotic curvature develops when vertebral weakening leads to forward rounding of the upper spine.

🥛Lactose intolerance can contribute to reduced calcium intake, which increases risk for poor bone mineralization.

📌Core Message

Osteoporosis is associated with height loss, kyphotic spinal curvature, and calcium-related risks such as lactose intolerance.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Urinary incontinence
Backache
Urine retention
Constipation

Rationale :

⚕️Uterine prolapse occurs when pelvic support structures weaken and the uterus descends into the vaginal canal.

🚻Urinary incontinence can occur because prolapse affects bladder support and urethral positioning.

🛑Urine retention may occur when pelvic organ displacement interferes with normal bladder emptying.

🪑Backache and constipation can develop from pelvic pressure and altered support of nearby organs.

📌Core Message

Uterine prolapse can cause urinary incontinence, urine retention, backache, and constipation due to weakened pelvic support.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Partial paralysis of lower extremities
Sensory deficits

Rationale :

🧠Myelomeningocele is a severe form of spina bifida cystica involving protrusion of spinal cord tissue and meninges.

🦵Partial paralysis of the lower extremities can occur when the spinal lesion affects motor nerve pathways below the defect.

✋Sensory deficits are expected because nerve involvement can impair sensation below the affected spinal level.

💁‍♂️Lesions below the second lumbar vertebra commonly affect lower-extremity neurologic function depending on the degree of nerve damage.

📌Core Message

Myelomeningocele commonly causes lower-extremity weakness or paralysis and sensory deficits because spinal nerves are involved.

1 :
A nurse is caring for a client with metabolic acidosis. Which of the following can cause this condition? (Select all that apply)

2 :
The nurse is caring for a client with pericarditis. Which of the following are complications of the client's condition? (Select all that apply)

3 :
Which of the following signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to find in a client experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to antibiotics? (Select all that apply.)

4 :
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with hemorrhoids. Which of the following does the nurse expect the healthcare provider to recommend for management of this condition (select all that apply)?

5 :
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has hepatitis B. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

6 :
A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has Cushing's disease. The nurse should identify that clients who have Cushing's disease are at increased risk for which of the following conditions? (Select all that apply.)

7 :
A nurse is caring for a child who has Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

8 :
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has osteoporosis. Which of following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

9 :
A client with uterine prolapse is undergoing assessment. Which of the following symptoms will the nurse expect? (Select all that apply)

10 :
A nurse is assessing an infant who has a spina bifida cystica (myelomeningocele) located below the second lumbar vertebrae. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

1 : A nurse is caring for a client with metabolic acidosis. Which of the following can cause this condition? (Select all that apply)

2 : The nurse is caring for a client with pericarditis. Which of the following are complications of the client's condition? (Select all that apply)

3 : Which of the following signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to find in a client experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to antibiotics? (Select all that apply.)

4 : A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with hemorrhoids. Which of the following does the nurse expect the healthcare provider to recommend for management of this condition (select all that apply)?

5 : A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has hepatitis B. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

6 : A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has Cushing's disease. The nurse should identify that clients who have Cushing's disease are at increased risk for which of the following conditions? (Select all that apply.)

7 : A nurse is caring for a child who has Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

8 : A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has osteoporosis. Which of following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

9 : A client with uterine prolapse is undergoing assessment. Which of the following symptoms will the nurse expect? (Select all that apply)

10 : A nurse is assessing an infant who has a spina bifida cystica (myelomeningocele) located below the second lumbar vertebrae. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

1 :
A nurse is caring for a client with metabolic acidosis. Which of the following can cause this condition? (Select all that apply)

2 :
The nurse is caring for a client with pericarditis. Which of the following are complications of the client's condition? (Select all that apply)

3 :
Which of the following signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to find in a client experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to antibiotics? (Select all that apply.)

4 :
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with hemorrhoids. Which of the following does the nurse expect the healthcare provider to recommend for management of this condition (select all that apply)?

5 :
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has hepatitis B. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

6 :
A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has Cushing's disease. The nurse should identify that clients who have Cushing's disease are at increased risk for which of the following conditions? (Select all that apply.)

7 :
A nurse is caring for a child who has Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

8 :
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has osteoporosis. Which of following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

9 :
A client with uterine prolapse is undergoing assessment. Which of the following symptoms will the nurse expect? (Select all that apply)

10 :
A nurse is assessing an infant who has a spina bifida cystica (myelomeningocele) located below the second lumbar vertebrae. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)