Question

Which complication is most associated with Crohn's disease?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Bowel obstruction

Rationale :

🩺Crohn’s disease causes chronic transmural inflammation that heals with fibrosis, narrowing the intestinal lumen.

🧱These strictures impede stool passage and are the leading cause of mechanical bowel obstruction in Crohn’s.

⚠️Complications like hemorrhoids or colon cancer can occur but are less directly linked and less common than obstruction.

📈Recurrent inflammation–fibrosis cycles especially in the terminal ileum make obstruction a frequent clinical presentation.

📌Core Message

Crohn’s produces fibrotic strictures from transmural inflammation, making bowel obstruction its most characteristic complication.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Elevated troponin

Rationale :

🫀Cardiac troponin (I/T) is the most sensitive and specific marker of myocardial necrosis.

⏳Troponin typically rises within ~3–6 hours after ischemic injury, often earlier than CK-MB, and remains elevated for days.

🧪Laboratories like BUN/creatinine or PT reflect renal function or coagulation status and do not diagnose MI.

📊Because of its early rise and high specificity, troponin elevation is central to confirming acute MI.

📌Core Message

Troponin elevates early and is highly specific for myocardial injury, so it’s the first-line lab to confirm an acute MI.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Obesity
Increased intake of caffeine
Low sodium diet
Smoking

Rationale :

🚬Smoking increases blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vascular damage, making it a key modifiable risk.

🥤Caffeine stimulates the cardiovascular system and raises blood pressure temporarily, especially in sensitive individuals.

🧂Dietary sodium intake is a modifiable factor; while a low-sodium diet lowers BP risk, excess sodium worsens it.

⚖️Obesity increases cardiac output and vascular resistance, strongly linked to hypertension development.

📅Advancing age and family history are non-modifiable risk factors, meaning they cannot be changed by lifestyle modifications.

📌Core Message

Lifestyle-related risks like smoking, sodium/caffeine intake, and obesity are modifiable, while age and genetics are fixed factors.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

"Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables are high in sodium."

Rationale :

🥦Most fresh fruits and vegetables are naturally low in sodium, aligning with low-sodium dietary goals.

📦The primary sodium sources are processed, canned, cured, and fast foods, not fresh produce.

🧂Mislabeling fresh foods as “high sodium” shows a gap in understanding of dietary sodium sources.

🧠Correct education emphasizes label reading, choosing fresh/whole foods, and limiting processed items to reduce BP.

📌Core Message

Fresh produce is low in sodium, while processed foods are the major contributors—so the client’s statement needs correction.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms

Rationale :

🌾Celiac disease involves immune-mediated villous atrophy after gluten exposure, leading to malabsorption.

🚽Key GI symptoms—such as chronic diarrhea, steatorrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain—reflect disease activity and complications.

🥣Assessing GI manifestations guides dietary adherence, need for nutrient supplementation, and evaluation of treatment response.

🧪While extraintestinal features exist, current GI symptom burden most directly informs immediate clinical management.

📌Core Message

In celiac disease, malabsorptive GI symptoms are central to evaluating disease activity and management effectiveness.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Primary hypertension

Rationale :

📚Primary (essential) hypertension is defined by no identifiable secondary cause and accounts for the majority of hypertension cases.

🧩It often presents asymptomatically, detected during routine checks rather than by complaints.

🧪Secondary hypertension has a specific reversible cause (e.g., renal artery stenosis, endocrine disorders), which is absent here.

📈Terms like malignant or accelerated hypertension describe severity/urgency, not etiology, and typically include end-organ damage.

📌Core Message

Primary hypertension is asymptomatic and idiopathic, distinguishing it from secondary or crisis-level forms.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking

Rationale :

🪑A sedentary lifestyle reduces cardiorespiratory fitness and promotes weight gain, increasing BP.

⚖️Obesity elevates cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, strongly linked to hypertension.

🚬Smoking accelerates arterial stiffness and sympathetic activation, worsening BP control.

🧬Unlike cancer family history or a vegetarian diet, these behavioral factors have a direct, modifiable impact on BP.

📌Core Message

Inactivity, excess weight, and smoking are core modifiable contributors to essential hypertension.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Place the client in a high Fowler's position and administer oxygen as ordered

Rationale :

🫁Pink frothy sputum indicates acute pulmonary edema, where fluid floods alveoli and impairs gas exchange.

🪑High Fowler’s position reduces venous return and improves lung expansion, easing the work of breathing.

💨Supplemental oxygen promptly increases FiO₂, mitigating hypoxemia while definitive therapies are arranged.

📝While further assessment is important, airway/breathing (ABCs) and oxygenation take priority to prevent rapid deterioration.

📌Core Message

In suspected pulmonary edema, prioritize positioning and oxygen to rapidly improve oxygenation and reduce cardiac preload.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Complaints of pain with activity, relieved by sitting down

Rationale :

🦵Intermittent claudication reflects peripheral arterial disease (PAD) where demand ischemia occurs during exertion.

🏃‍♂️Exercise-induced calf/thigh pain that resolves with rest is classic due to inadequate arterial perfusion.

🩹Findings like rash, petechiae, or extensive edema suggest other etiologies (dermatologic or venous), not PAD.

🧪Objective clues (e.g., diminished pulses, cool skin, low ABI) often accompany the exertional pain pattern.

📌Core Message

PAD causes exertional ischemic limb pain that improves with rest, distinguishing it from venous or dermatologic issues.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Ischemic stroke

Rationale :

🫀In atrial fibrillation, ineffective atrial contraction leads to stasis of blood, especially in the left atrial appendage.

🧩Blood stasis promotes thrombus formation, which can embolize to cerebral arteries.

⚠️This mechanism makes ischemic stroke the most feared complication, guiding anticoagulation decisions.

📋Monitoring for sudden neurologic deficits and adhering to anticoagulation markedly lowers stroke risk.

📌Core Message

AF predisposes to left atrial thrombi and embolic stroke; vigilance and anticoagulation mitigate this risk.

1 :
Which complication is most associated with Crohn's disease?

2 :
A client is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Which diagnostic laboratory value should the practical nurse (PN) anticipate being the first to elevate to establish a diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?

3 :
What are some modifiable risk factors for hypertension? (Select all that apply)

4 :
The nurse has completed diet teaching for a client who has been prescribed a low-sodium diet to treat hypertension. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching when the client makes which statement?

5 :
A female client is diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following is most important for the nurse to assess in this client?

6 :
A client has been diagnosed with hypertension. The client has an elevated blood pressure with no symptoms and the cause is unknown. Which term best defines this?

7 :
What are considered to be contributing factors to the development of essential (primary) hypertension?

8 :
The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with heart failure and complaining of severe dyspnea. The client is coughing up pink frothy sputum and has an O₂ saturation of 88%. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent further complications?

9 :
A client is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of intermittent claudication. With regard to this problem, what would the nurse expect to find on assessment of this client?

10 :
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following complications?

1 : Which complication is most associated with Crohn's disease?

2 : A client is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Which diagnostic laboratory value should the practical nurse (PN) anticipate being the first to elevate to establish a diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?

3 : What are some modifiable risk factors for hypertension? (Select all that apply)

4 : The nurse has completed diet teaching for a client who has been prescribed a low-sodium diet to treat hypertension. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching when the client makes which statement?

5 : A female client is diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following is most important for the nurse to assess in this client?

6 : A client has been diagnosed with hypertension. The client has an elevated blood pressure with no symptoms and the cause is unknown. Which term best defines this?

7 : What are considered to be contributing factors to the development of essential (primary) hypertension?

8 : The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with heart failure and complaining of severe dyspnea. The client is coughing up pink frothy sputum and has an O₂ saturation of 88%. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent further complications?

9 : A client is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of intermittent claudication. With regard to this problem, what would the nurse expect to find on assessment of this client?

10 : A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following complications?

1 :
Which complication is most associated with Crohn's disease?

2 :
A client is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Which diagnostic laboratory value should the practical nurse (PN) anticipate being the first to elevate to establish a diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?

3 :
What are some modifiable risk factors for hypertension? (Select all that apply)

4 :
The nurse has completed diet teaching for a client who has been prescribed a low-sodium diet to treat hypertension. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching when the client makes which statement?

5 :
A female client is diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following is most important for the nurse to assess in this client?

6 :
A client has been diagnosed with hypertension. The client has an elevated blood pressure with no symptoms and the cause is unknown. Which term best defines this?

7 :
What are considered to be contributing factors to the development of essential (primary) hypertension?

8 :
The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with heart failure and complaining of severe dyspnea. The client is coughing up pink frothy sputum and has an O₂ saturation of 88%. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent further complications?

9 :
A client is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of intermittent claudication. With regard to this problem, what would the nurse expect to find on assessment of this client?

10 :
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following complications?