Question

Which drug is contraindicated for a client with hyperkalemia?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Spironolactone

Rationale :

🩺Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it retains potassium in the body instead of excreting it.

⚠️In a client who already has hyperkalemia, giving a potassium-sparing drug can worsen the elevated potassium level.

🧠High potassium levels increase the risk of dangerous cardiac dysrhythmias, so drugs that raise potassium must be avoided.

📋Therefore, spironolactone is contraindicated in hyperkalemia, while other diuretics that waste potassium may be safer choices.

📌Core Message

Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, so it is contraindicated in hyperkalemia because it can further increase serum potassium and raise the risk of cardiac complications.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Nausea

Rationale :

🤢Fluconazole is an antifungal medication that commonly affects the gastrointestinal system.

📚One of the most frequent GI adverse effects associated with fluconazole is nausea.

🧪This nausea occurs because many systemic antifungals can irritate the stomach lining or alter normal GI function.

✅Knowing common side effects like nausea helps nurses monitor clients and provide appropriate teaching about when to report persistent symptoms.

📌Core Message

Fluconazole, an antifungal, often causes gastrointestinal upset, and nausea is a key expected adverse effect clients should be taught to recognize.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Diarrhea

Rationale :

🚽Magnesium-containing products have an osmotic effect in the intestines, drawing water into the bowel.

💧This osmotic action commonly leads to looser and more frequent stools, resulting in diarrhea.

📊Clients using magnesium for gastritis should be informed that diarrhea is a frequent adverse effect of therapy.

🩺Ongoing diarrhea can contribute to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, so clients should report persistent or severe diarrhea.

📌Core Message

Magnesium preparations can cause diarrhea due to their osmotic effect in the intestines, so clients must be warned to monitor stool frequency and report persistent loose stools.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Diphenhydramine

Rationale :

😴Baclofen is a centrally acting muscle relaxant that can cause CNS depression and drowsiness.

🌙Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that also has strong sedating effects on the central nervous system.

🧯When combined, these two drugs can produce additive CNS depression, increasing the risk of excessive sedation and impaired alertness.

🧍‍♀️Clients with multiple sclerosis may already have mobility and coordination challenges, so extra sedation increases fall risk and safety concerns, requiring cautious use.

📌Core Message

Baclofen and diphenhydramine both cause CNS depression, so using them together can lead to excessive sedation and higher fall risk, meaning diphenhydramine should be used with caution.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Bupropion

Rationale :

🚭Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant that is also used specifically to help people quit smoking.

🧬It works on dopamine and norepinephrine pathways in the brain, which are involved in addiction and reward mechanisms.

📈By modifying these pathways, bupropion helps reduce nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

🤝Because of these benefits, bupropion is commonly included as part of a comprehensive smoking cessation plan along with counseling.

📌Core Message

Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant that supports smoking cessation by reducing nicotine cravings and withdrawal, making it a key medication in quit-smoking programs

Answer 6

Correct Answers

Blank 1 Correct Option: epilepsy
Blank 2 Correct Option: orally

Rationale :

🧠Phenytoin is an antiepileptic medication primarily used to control seizure disorders.

💊It works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing abnormal electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures.

⚡Because it prevents recurrent seizures, its main clinical indication is the management of epilepsy, especially for long-term control of seizure episodes.

📈For maintenance therapy, phenytoin is most commonly given by the oral route, which allows for convenient and consistent daily dosing at home.

🛡Regular oral administration helps maintain steady therapeutic blood levels, improving seizure control and reducing the risk of breakthrough seizures.

📌Core Message

Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug used to treat epilepsy and is typically given orally so that stable therapeutic levels are maintained for effective seizure control.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Blood pressure

Rationale :

😵Benzodiazepine overdose can cause significant CNS depression, potentially affecting cardiovascular function.

🫁Although respiratory status is crucial, among the given options, monitoring circulatory status via blood pressure is most directly related to hemodynamic stability.

🧮Low blood pressure can indicate shock or severe overdose effects, requiring immediate intervention.

🚑Assessing blood pressure first helps the nurse quickly identify life-threatening cardiovascular compromise and prioritize emergency treatment.

📌Core Message

In benzodiazepine overdose, blood pressure assessment is a priority from the listed options because it reflects hemodynamic stability and helps identify potential cardiovascular collapse early.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

"I will continue to take St. John's Wort to help with my depression."

Rationale :

🧫Selegiline is a MAO-B inhibitor, and it can interact with other medications or supplements that affect serotonin or catecholamines.

🌿St. John’s Wort is an herbal antidepressant that can also influence serotonin levels in the body.

❌Combining selegiline with St. John’s Wort increases the risk of serious interactions, such as serotonin syndrome or hypertensive crisis.

☎️Therefore, the statement about continuing St. John’s Wort shows inadequate understanding and signals the need for further medication teaching.

📌Core Message

Selegiline, a MAO-B inhibitor, should not be combined with St. John’s Wort due to the risk of dangerous interactions, so continuing the herb indicates a need for further education.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Hyperglycemia

Rationale :

💉Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to treat conditions like hypertension and edema.

📉This class of drugs can impair glucose tolerance, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.

🧍‍♂️Clients, especially those with diabetes or prediabetes, are at risk for worsening glycemic control while using hydrochlorothiazide.

🍬Because of this, hyperglycemia is a recognized side effect, and blood sugar should be monitored regularly.

📌Core Message

Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, can cause hyperglycemia by impairing glucose tolerance, so clients—especially those with diabetes—require blood sugar monitoring while on this medication.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Constipation

Rationale :

💊Bismuth subsalicylate is an antidiarrheal that slows intestinal motility, which can lead to reduced stool frequency.

🚽By slowing movement through the gut, it can cause constipation as stool stays longer in the intestine and more water is absorbed.

📚This medication is often used for diarrhea and GI upset, so a shift toward constipation is a predictable opposite effect.

🩺Clients should be informed that constipation can occur and to report prolonged or severe constipation to avoid complications.

📌Core Message

Bismuth subsalicylate is an antidiarrheal that slows gut motility, so a key associated side effect is constipation due to reduced intestinal movement.

1 :
Which drug is contraindicated for a client with hyperkalemia?

2 :
What is an adverse effect of fluconazole?

3 :
What adverse effect should a client be informed of when prescribed magnesium for gastritis?

4 :
A nurse is caring for a client with multiple sclerosis who has a new prescription for oral baclofen. Which should the client be instructed to use with caution?

5 :
Which medication has been shown to assist clients with smoking cessation?

6 :
Complete the sentence using the list of options provided.

Correct Answers

7 :
The nurse is caring for a client who overdosed on a benzodiazepine. What is the priority nursing assessment?

8 :
A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of client education about selegiline for Parkinson's disease. Which client statement indicates the need for further education?

9 :
Identify a side effect of hydrochlorothiazide.

10 :
What side effect is associated with bismuth subsalicylate?

1 : Which drug is contraindicated for a client with hyperkalemia?

2 : What is an adverse effect of fluconazole?

3 : What adverse effect should a client be informed of when prescribed magnesium for gastritis?

4 : A nurse is caring for a client with multiple sclerosis who has a new prescription for oral baclofen. Which should the client be instructed to use with caution?

5 : Which medication has been shown to assist clients with smoking cessation?

6 : Complete the sentence using the list of options provided.

Correct Answers

7 : The nurse is caring for a client who overdosed on a benzodiazepine. What is the priority nursing assessment?

8 : A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of client education about selegiline for Parkinson's disease. Which client statement indicates the need for further education?

9 : Identify a side effect of hydrochlorothiazide.

10 : What side effect is associated with bismuth subsalicylate?

1 :
Which drug is contraindicated for a client with hyperkalemia?

2 :
What is an adverse effect of fluconazole?

3 :
What adverse effect should a client be informed of when prescribed magnesium for gastritis?

4 :
A nurse is caring for a client with multiple sclerosis who has a new prescription for oral baclofen. Which should the client be instructed to use with caution?

5 :
Which medication has been shown to assist clients with smoking cessation?

6 :
Complete the sentence using the list of options provided.

7 :
The nurse is caring for a client who overdosed on a benzodiazepine. What is the priority nursing assessment?

8 :
A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of client education about selegiline for Parkinson's disease. Which client statement indicates the need for further education?

9 :
Identify a side effect of hydrochlorothiazide.

10 :
What side effect is associated with bismuth subsalicylate?