Question

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease. The client reports leg pain and cramping after walking 3 blocks, which is relieved when the client stops and rests. The nurse documents that the client is experiencing which clinical manifestation?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Intermittent claudication

Rationale :

🦵Intermittent claudication is a hallmark symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and presents as pain or cramping in the legs during walking that is relieved by rest.

🚶‍♂️It occurs due to insufficient blood flow to the muscles during physical activity, typically from atherosclerosis in the peripheral arteries.

🛑This symptom is not related to venous insufficiency, which is more associated with swelling or aching.

📚It also differs from neuropathy or deep vein thrombosis, which present with different pain characteristics and causes.

📌core message

Leg pain relieved by rest during walking is characteristic of intermittent claudication seen in peripheral arterial disease.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Troponins T and I

Rationale :

🧪Troponins T and I are the most specific and sensitive markers for myocardial injury and are preferred for diagnosing a myocardial infarction (MI).

📈These levels begin to rise within 3–6 hours after cardiac injury and remain elevated for up to 10–14 days.

📉CK and myoglobin are less specific and can be elevated in other muscle injuries.

🧬Homocysteine is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease but not a marker for acute MI.

📌core message

Troponins T and I are the most accurate indicators of myocardial infarction.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

"l will be sure to include some exercise such as walking in my daily activities."
"l will work at losing some weight so that my weight is at normal range for my age."
"l will schedule regular doctor appointments for physical examinations and monitoring my blood pressure."

Rationale :

💪Regular exercise improves cardiovascular health and reduces coronary artery disease (CAD) risk.

⚖️Weight loss decreases the burden on the heart and improves lipid and blood pressure profiles.

📅Routine medical follow-up allows for monitoring of risk factors like hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

🚭Continued smoking and daily high-fat foods like red meat do not align with CAD prevention strategies.

📌core message

Exercise, weight loss, and regular checkups are key behaviors that reduce coronary artery disease risk.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

"l should raise my legs above the level of my heart periodically."

Rationale :

🛏️Elevating the legs above heart level is contraindicated in PAD because it can reduce arterial blood flow to the extremities.

👣Clients with PAD are advised to dangle their legs or keep them dependent to improve perfusion.

🧼Inspecting feet daily, wearing closed shoes, and clipping nails straight across are all correct and important preventive foot care for PAD.

📚Teaching should focus on maximizing circulation and avoiding ischemia.

📌core message

Leg elevation can worsen symptoms in PAD due to reduced arterial flow; clients should keep legs dependent.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

"You will require sedating medications to help tolerate the exam."

Rationale :

💤A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) involves passing an ultrasound probe into the esophagus and requires moderate sedation for client comfort.

📽️It provides detailed imaging of the heart, especially the posterior structures.

🛏️The client is placed in the left lateral position, and electrodes are not used like in a standard ECG.

📚Post-procedure, the client is monitored for gag reflex return and airway safety.

📌core message

TEE requires sedation to reduce discomfort and allow safe internal cardiac imaging.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Be careful not to injure the legs or feet.
Try to walk often to increase circulation in the legs, resting if cramping occurs.
Decrease saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol in daily diet.

Rationale :

🦶PAD causes poor perfusion, so clients must protect their feet and legs from injury and infection.

🚶‍♂️Walking promotes collateral circulation, which can help alleviate claudication over time.

🥗Dietary changes to reduce atherosclerosis risk are essential in slowing PAD progression.

🧦Tight compression stockings can worsen arterial flow, and cold therapy like ice packs may induce vasoconstriction, making symptoms worse.

📌core message

PAD management includes safe walking, injury prevention, and heart-healthy nutrition.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Instruct the client to call 911.

Rationale :

🚨Chest pain that is unrelieved by nitroglycerin and associated with nausea may indicate acute coronary syndrome or myocardial infarction.

📞The correct and urgent response is to activate emergency services, not delay care.

🚫Waiting 15 minutes or going to the office wastes critical time and risks cardiac damage.

📚Prompt care during a cardiac event greatly improves survival outcomes.

📌core message

Unrelieved chest pain requires immediate emergency care—call 911.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

To examine the heart's electrical activity

Rationale :

⚡An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical impulses of the heart to detect arrhythmias, ischemia, and conduction abnormalities.

🔌It does not measure pumping strength, which is done via echocardiography.

💁‍♂️It also does not visualize cardiac anatomy or coronary flow directly.

📚ECGs are non-invasive, fast, and essential tools in cardiovascular diagnostics.

📌core message

An ECG evaluates heart’s electrical activity, identifying arrhythmias and ischemia.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Rationale :

📟An ECG should be done immediately when a patient presents with chest pain to identify ischemia or infarction.

🧪Lab tests like troponins take longer to process and may not yet be elevated.

💉Peripheral IV and chest X-rays are important but are not diagnostic priorities for acute coronary syndrome.

🕐Early ECG leads to faster diagnosis and intervention, improving outcomes.

📌core message

An ECG is the first step in evaluating chest pain, allowing for immediate cardiac assessment.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

"Heparin does not dissolve dots. It stops new clots from forming."

Rationale :

💉Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents the formation of new clots and the growth of existing ones.

🧪It does not dissolve clots, which the body breaks down naturally over time.

📚Educating the client on the mechanism of action promotes understanding and realistic expectations.

🚫Only thrombolytic agents, not heparin, can dissolve clots directly.

📌core message

Heparin prevents new clots but does not dissolve existing ones—natural breakdown occurs over time.

1 :
The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease. The client reports leg pain and cramping after walking 3 blocks, which is relieved when the client stops and rests. The nurse documents that the client is experiencing which clinical manifestation?

2 :
The nurse has received the laboratory results for a patient who developed chest pain 4 hours ago and may be having a myocardial infarction. Which of the following laboratory test results are most indicative of myocardial damage?

3 :
The nurse teaches a client at risk for coronary artery disease about necessary lifestyle changes. The nurse determines that the client understands the education if the client makes which statements? Select all that apply.

4 :
The home care nurse has given instructions to a client who was recently discharged from the hospital regarding the care of their extremities due to peripheral arterial disease. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching if the client makes which statement?

5 :
A nurse is preparing a client who is scheduled for a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) the following day. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include about the test?

6 :
The nurse is planning to teach a client with peripheral arterial disease about measures to limit disease progression. Which items would the nurse include on a list of suggestions for the client? Select all that apply.

7 :
A nurse at a provider's office receives a phone call from a client who reports nausea and unrelieved chest pain after taking a nitroglycerin tablet 5 min ago. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

8 :
The nurse is educating a client prior to an electrocardiogram (ECG). What is the best explanation regarding the purpose of electrocardiography?

9 :
A patient who has chest pain is admitted to the emergency department (ED), and all of the following are ordered. Which one should the nurse arrange to be completed first?

10 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has thrombophlebitis and is receiving heparin by continuous IV infusion. The client asks the nurse how long it will take for the heparin to dissolve the clot. Which of the following responses should the nurse give?

1 : The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease. The client reports leg pain and cramping after walking 3 blocks, which is relieved when the client stops and rests. The nurse documents that the client is experiencing which clinical manifestation?

2 : The nurse has received the laboratory results for a patient who developed chest pain 4 hours ago and may be having a myocardial infarction. Which of the following laboratory test results are most indicative of myocardial damage?

3 : The nurse teaches a client at risk for coronary artery disease about necessary lifestyle changes. The nurse determines that the client understands the education if the client makes which statements? Select all that apply.

4 : The home care nurse has given instructions to a client who was recently discharged from the hospital regarding the care of their extremities due to peripheral arterial disease. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching if the client makes which statement?

5 : A nurse is preparing a client who is scheduled for a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) the following day. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include about the test?

6 : The nurse is planning to teach a client with peripheral arterial disease about measures to limit disease progression. Which items would the nurse include on a list of suggestions for the client? Select all that apply.

7 : A nurse at a provider's office receives a phone call from a client who reports nausea and unrelieved chest pain after taking a nitroglycerin tablet 5 min ago. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

8 : The nurse is educating a client prior to an electrocardiogram (ECG). What is the best explanation regarding the purpose of electrocardiography?

9 : A patient who has chest pain is admitted to the emergency department (ED), and all of the following are ordered. Which one should the nurse arrange to be completed first?

10 : A nurse is caring for a client who has thrombophlebitis and is receiving heparin by continuous IV infusion. The client asks the nurse how long it will take for the heparin to dissolve the clot. Which of the following responses should the nurse give?

1 :
The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease. The client reports leg pain and cramping after walking 3 blocks, which is relieved when the client stops and rests. The nurse documents that the client is experiencing which clinical manifestation?

2 :
The nurse has received the laboratory results for a patient who developed chest pain 4 hours ago and may be having a myocardial infarction. Which of the following laboratory test results are most indicative of myocardial damage?

3 :
The nurse teaches a client at risk for coronary artery disease about necessary lifestyle changes. The nurse determines that the client understands the education if the client makes which statements? Select all that apply.

4 :
The home care nurse has given instructions to a client who was recently discharged from the hospital regarding the care of their extremities due to peripheral arterial disease. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching if the client makes which statement?

5 :
A nurse is preparing a client who is scheduled for a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) the following day. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include about the test?

6 :
The nurse is planning to teach a client with peripheral arterial disease about measures to limit disease progression. Which items would the nurse include on a list of suggestions for the client? Select all that apply.

7 :
A nurse at a provider's office receives a phone call from a client who reports nausea and unrelieved chest pain after taking a nitroglycerin tablet 5 min ago. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

8 :
The nurse is educating a client prior to an electrocardiogram (ECG). What is the best explanation regarding the purpose of electrocardiography?

9 :
A patient who has chest pain is admitted to the emergency department (ED), and all of the following are ordered. Which one should the nurse arrange to be completed first?

10 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has thrombophlebitis and is receiving heparin by continuous IV infusion. The client asks the nurse how long it will take for the heparin to dissolve the clot. Which of the following responses should the nurse give?