Question

The nurse should implement which action to provide analgesic titration for a client in pain?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Determine the optimal analgesic dosage required that causes the least side effects

Rationale :

💉Analgesic titration means adjusting the dose to achieve adequate pain relief while minimizing adverse effects, so the focus is on finding the lowest effective dose.

📏By continuously assessing pain intensity, functional improvement, and side effects, the nurse individualizes therapy rather than following a rigid schedule.

⚖️Teaching a client to increase the time between doses can worsen pain and lead to pain cycling, which contradicts effective titration principles.

🔬Planning a fixed 24-hour total dose ignores real-time response variability, while simply monitoring an infusion does not actively titrate to effect.

📌Core Message

Effective analgesic titration seeks the lowest effective dose that provides adequate relief with minimal side effects, guided by ongoing assessment.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Drape the sheets over the footboard of the bed

Rationale :

🛏️Clients with rheumatoid arthritis often have allodynia or hypersensitivity, so removing linen pressure from painful joints provides immediate, nonpharmacologic relief.

🧵A bed cradle/footboard drape prevents contact while maintaining warmth, addressing the precipitating cause of pain (linen weight).

💊Administering ibuprofen may help later, but first-line action is to remove the mechanical trigger before adding medications.

🌡️Warm soaks or flannel pajamas do not eliminate the contact pressure and may delay targeted relief.

📌Core Message

First relieve pain by eliminating the trigger—keep linens off the joints before considering medication or adjunct warmth.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

"Abuse of any of the inhalants can eventually lead to addiction."

Rationale :

🧪Inhalants (e.g., paint fumes) can cause psychological and physiologic dependence, so acknowledging addiction potential provides accurate education.

🗣️Providing factual information directly addresses the parent’s question and supports informed decision-making and early intervention.

🚫Stating that only “hard drugs” cause addiction is incorrect and may minimize the risk of inhalant misuse.

🧭While exploring causes can be helpful later, first the nurse should answer the safety question clearly to prevent ongoing harm.

📌Core Message

Inhalants carry addiction potential, and clear, accurate education helps families recognize and address substance misuse early.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Withhold medication and report symptoms and vital signs to healthcare provider

Rationale :

⚠️Ipratropium can produce systemic anticholinergic effects (e.g., blurred vision, nausea, headache, insomnia), signaling possible adverse reaction or overexposure.

🛑The priority is to hold the drug to prevent further exposure and promptly notify the provider for evaluation and possible therapy modification.

🧴Treating symptoms alone (e.g., giving antiemetics) does not address the cause and could mask clinical deterioration.

💬Reassurance or delaying until the next dose risks recurrence and fails to meet the patient-safety imperative of stopping a suspected culprit medication.

📌Core Message

On signs of adverse anticholinergic effects, stop the ipratropium and report immediately to prevent further harm.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Assign the client to a negative air-flow room

Rationale :

🦠Active tuberculosis requires airborne precautions, and a negative pressure (air-flow) room is the most critical environmental control to contain aerosols.

😷A respirator mask is worn by staff, not fitted to the client, and is secondary to placing the patient in the correct room.

🧼A clean gown is contact precaution focused and does not address airborne transmission of TB.

🧰An isolation cart supports precautions, but without negative pressure the core airborne containment is missing.

📌Core Message

For airborne TB, the negative pressure room is the top priority to prevent transmission, with PPE and supplies as adjuncts.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Respiratory rate is too slow, causing respiratory acidosis

Rationale :

🧫A pH of 7.17 indicates acidemia, and a PaCO₂ of 70 mmHg shows CO₂ retention, the hallmark of respiratory acidosis.

🫁On a ventilator, a too-low respiratory rate or minute ventilation leads to hypoventilation, increasing PaCO₂ and lowering pH.

🧪Although HCO₃⁻ of 20 mEq/L is slightly low, the predominant disturbance here is respiratory, matching the very elevated PaCO₂.

⏱️The appropriate clinical inference is inadequate ventilatory rate/volume, not alkalosis or primary metabolic causes like vomiting or diarrhea.

📌Core Message

Marked hypercapnia with acidemia on a ventilator points to hypoventilation, i.e., a rate/ventilation too low causing respiratory acidosis.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

The medication enhances the aqueous humor outflow

Rationale :

👁️Miotic agents (e.g., pilocarpine) cause miosis and ciliary muscle contraction, which opens the trabecular meshwork to increase outflow of aqueous humor.

🚪Enhanced outflow lowers intraocular pressure, addressing the core pathophysiology of open-angle glaucoma.

🧫These drugs do not prevent infection; they are not antimicrobials, and they typically do not inhibit production like carbonic anhydrase inhibitors do.

🔆Miotics constrict, not dilate, the pupil, so teaching must clarify expected pupillary effects.

📌Core Message

Miotics treat glaucoma primarily by increasing aqueous outflow via ciliary muscle-mediated meshwork opening, not by dilation or antimicrobial action.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Determine if the client has ever had a hypersensitivity reaction to penicillins

Rationale :

💊Cephalexin is a cephalosporin with potential cross-reactivity in patients with penicillin allergy, so confirming hypersensitivity history is a priority before first dose.

🩺This assessment prevents anaphylaxis or serious allergic reactions, aligning with first-dose safety standards.

🥛Restricting dairy is unnecessary for cephalexin, and routine vital signs alone won’t detect latent allergy risk.

🩸Reviewing glucose trends has no immediate relevance to β-lactam allergy and should not delay essential allergy screening.

📌Core Message

Before starting a cephalosporin, screen for penicillin hypersensitivity to prevent serious allergic reactions.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

The development of resistant strains of TB are decreased with a combination of drugs

Rationale :

🧫Mycobacterium tuberculosis rapidly develops resistance when exposed to monotherapy, so multidrug regimens are standard of care.

🛡️Using multiple agents with different mechanisms lowers the chance that organisms survive and mutate, preserving treatment efficacy.

⏳Therapy is typically months long; combination therapy does not shorten to three months in standard adult treatment.

📋While adherence is challenging, the key rationale for multiple drugs is resistance prevention, not merely side-effect management.

📌Core Message

TB is treated with multidrug therapy to prevent resistance, ensuring sustained effectiveness over the long treatment course.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Medium yellow

Rationale :

🎨High-contrast, non-glare colors like medium yellow enhance edge detection and depth perception for clients with low vision.

💡White can create glare under bright lighting, reducing visibility of step edges for older adults.

🍃Light green and black may offer insufficient contrast or poor visibility in varied lighting, increasing fall risk.

🏠Marking step edges with consistent, visible contrast is a core home-safety modification to prevent falls.

📌Core Message

Use a high-contrast, low-glare color—medium yellow—to make step edges more visible and reduce fall risk in low vision.

RN Pharmacology 2025 Exam-1

No.

1 :
The nurse should implement which action to provide analgesic titration for a client in pain?

2 :
An older adult client with rheumatoid arthritis is complaining of severe joint pain that is caused by the weight of the linen on the client's legs. Which action should the nurse implement first?

3 :
A parent whose older school aged child has been inhaling paint fumes asks the nurse, "Can he become addicted to paint fumes? Which is the best response for the nurse to provide?

4 :
A client prescribed ipratropium reports nausea, blurred vision, headaches, and insomnia after using the inhaler. Which action should the nurse implement first?

5 :
A client who has active tuberculosis (TB) is admitted to the medical unit. Which action is most important for the nurse to implement?

6 :
The nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas (ABG) of a client who is mechanically ventilated. The ABG results are pH-7.17; paCO2-70 mmHg; HCO3-20 mEq/L. The nurse would understand that which is the likely cause of these results?

7 :
A nurse is planning a teaching session for a client newly prescribed a miotic drug for the treatment of glaucoma. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching session?

8 :
To treat cystitis, a 14-day course of treatment with cephalexin is prescribed for a client residing in a long-term care facility. Which action is most important for the nurse to take prior to administering the first dose of this medication?

9 :
The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client with tuberculosis (TB) who is taking a combination drug regimen. The client complains about taking "so many pills." What information should the RN provide to the client about the prescribed treatement?

10 :
Despite several eye surgeries, a 78-year-old client who lives alone has persistent vision problems. The visiting nurse is discussing home safety hazards with the client. The nurse suggests that the edges of the steps be painted which color?

RN Pharmacology 2025 Exam-1

No.

1 : The nurse should implement which action to provide analgesic titration for a client in pain?

2 : An older adult client with rheumatoid arthritis is complaining of severe joint pain that is caused by the weight of the linen on the client's legs. Which action should the nurse implement first?

3 : A parent whose older school aged child has been inhaling paint fumes asks the nurse, "Can he become addicted to paint fumes? Which is the best response for the nurse to provide?

4 : A client prescribed ipratropium reports nausea, blurred vision, headaches, and insomnia after using the inhaler. Which action should the nurse implement first?

5 : A client who has active tuberculosis (TB) is admitted to the medical unit. Which action is most important for the nurse to implement?

6 : The nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas (ABG) of a client who is mechanically ventilated. The ABG results are pH-7.17; paCO2-70 mmHg; HCO3-20 mEq/L. The nurse would understand that which is the likely cause of these results?

7 : A nurse is planning a teaching session for a client newly prescribed a miotic drug for the treatment of glaucoma. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching session?

8 : To treat cystitis, a 14-day course of treatment with cephalexin is prescribed for a client residing in a long-term care facility. Which action is most important for the nurse to take prior to administering the first dose of this medication?

9 : The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client with tuberculosis (TB) who is taking a combination drug regimen. The client complains about taking "so many pills." What information should the RN provide to the client about the prescribed treatement?

10 : Despite several eye surgeries, a 78-year-old client who lives alone has persistent vision problems. The visiting nurse is discussing home safety hazards with the client. The nurse suggests that the edges of the steps be painted which color?

1 :
The nurse should implement which action to provide analgesic titration for a client in pain?

2 :
An older adult client with rheumatoid arthritis is complaining of severe joint pain that is caused by the weight of the linen on the client's legs. Which action should the nurse implement first?

3 :
A parent whose older school aged child has been inhaling paint fumes asks the nurse, "Can he become addicted to paint fumes? Which is the best response for the nurse to provide?

4 :
A client prescribed ipratropium reports nausea, blurred vision, headaches, and insomnia after using the inhaler. Which action should the nurse implement first?

5 :
A client who has active tuberculosis (TB) is admitted to the medical unit. Which action is most important for the nurse to implement?

6 :
The nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas (ABG) of a client who is mechanically ventilated. The ABG results are pH-7.17; paCO2-70 mmHg; HCO3-20 mEq/L. The nurse would understand that which is the likely cause of these results?

7 :
A nurse is planning a teaching session for a client newly prescribed a miotic drug for the treatment of glaucoma. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching session?

8 :
To treat cystitis, a 14-day course of treatment with cephalexin is prescribed for a client residing in a long-term care facility. Which action is most important for the nurse to take prior to administering the first dose of this medication?

9 :
The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client with tuberculosis (TB) who is taking a combination drug regimen. The client complains about taking "so many pills." What information should the RN provide to the client about the prescribed treatement?

10 :
Despite several eye surgeries, a 78-year-old client who lives alone has persistent vision problems. The visiting nurse is discussing home safety hazards with the client. The nurse suggests that the edges of the steps be painted which color?