Question

Which condition warrants the use of acetazolamide (Diamox) as a diuretic?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Increased intraocular pressure

Rationale :

👁️Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that reduces aqueous humor production, lowering intraocular pressure.

💊It is often prescribed in the treatment of glaucoma, where intraocular pressure threatens optic nerve function.

🧪This drug induces diuresis by promoting bicarbonate loss, which indirectly helps reduce fluid pressure in the eye.

🩺It is not the first choice for managing extracranial fluid retention, but its specific action benefits ocular pressure conditions.

📌Core Message

Acetazolamide is primarily indicated for lowering intraocular pressure due to its carbonic anhydrase inhibition that reduces aqueous humor production.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

"Peristalsis is increased, so food is digested more quickly."

Rationale :

💪Metoclopramide is a prokinetic agent that enhances gastrointestinal motility by increasing peristalsis.

⏩It facilitates faster gastric emptying, which helps reduce gastroesophageal reflux symptoms.

💡Unlike anticholinergics, it does not reduce muscle tone; instead, it improves lower esophageal sphincter tone.

📚Clients should understand it improves digestion speed, decreasing acid reflux episodes.

📌Core Message

Metoclopramide increases peristalsis and enhances gastric emptying, making it effective for GERD symptom control.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Decrease in the daily digoxin dosage

Rationale :

⚠️Hypothyroidism slows renal clearance, leading to reduced digoxin excretion and increased toxicity risk.

🔬Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, and reduced levels slow drug metabolism including cardiac glycosides.

💉Therefore, patients often require lower doses of digoxin when initiating thyroid hormone replacement.

📉Close monitoring is needed to prevent digoxin accumulation, especially in patients with heart failure.

📌Core Message

In hypothyroidism, digoxin dosage is typically decreased due to reduced drug clearance and risk of toxicity.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Within 10 to 15 minutes of eating

Rationale :

🍽️Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that begins working within 15 minutes of injection.

🩸To avoid hypoglycemia, it should be administered just before or with the first bite of a meal.

⚡Its quick onset mirrors natural insulin spikes following meals, making timing critical.

🍞Administering too early without food intake can cause dangerous blood sugar drops.

📌Core Message

Lispro must be given 10–15 minutes before eating to align with its rapid onset and prevent hypoglycemia.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Antihypertensive

Rationale :

💉Pentoxifylline enhances blood flow by reducing blood viscosity, which can potentiate effects of antihypertensives.

💥This increases the risk of hypotension, especially in clients already on vasodilators or BP-lowering agents.

🩺Monitoring for dizziness, fainting, or low BP is necessary when combining these agents.

🧪The nurse must assess blood pressure trends closely to avoid orthostatic complications.

📌Core Message

Pentoxifylline can enhance antihypertensive effects, requiring close monitoring for hypotension and circulatory stability.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

"Grapefruit juice will increase the effects of this medication."

Rationale :

🚫Grapefruit juice should be avoided with cilostazol, as it can inhibit CYP3A4 metabolism of the drug.

📈This leads to elevated serum levels, increasing the risk of side effects like headache, diarrhea, and hypotension.

⚠️Patient education should highlight this interaction to ensure medication safety.

🔬The statement indicates a misunderstanding, thus necessitating further teaching.

📌Core Message

Grapefruit juice alters cilostazol metabolism, and its use should be avoided to prevent toxicity.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Encourage passive leg exercises.

Rationale :

🛌Bed rest decreases venous return, raising the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE).

🏃‍♀️Passive leg exercises stimulate circulation and reduce venous stasis, a key risk factor.

🧠Older adults are particularly vulnerable to immobility-related clots, necessitating preventive movement.

💉This non-invasive approach aids in maintaining vascular flow without stressing the patient.

📌Core Message

Passive leg exercises reduce venous stasis, lowering the risk of clot formation in immobile elderly clients.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Extreme dilation of the pupil

Rationale :

🌟Mydriasis refers to the dilation of the pupil, often induced for ophthalmic exams.

🧴Mydriatic agents like atropine allow for retinal examination by widening the pupil aperture.

💊This effect can temporarily cause photophobia and blurred vision, requiring patient precautions.

🧬These agents do not influence tear production or directly affect the canal of Schlemm.

📌Core Message

Mydriasis causes pupil dilation, enabling full ocular visualization during eye exams.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

For 12 days postsurgically.

Rationale :

🦵Following knee replacement, rivaroxaban is typically continued for 12 days to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

📅For hip replacement, the duration extends to 35 days, highlighting the procedure-based difference.

🧠Educating the patient on therapy duration helps ensure adherence and safety.

🩸The medication's anticoagulant effect helps reduce clot risk during the recovery phase.

📌Core Message

Rivaroxaban is used for 12 days post–knee replacement to prevent venous thromboembolism.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Salt substitutes may be high in potassium and should be used sparingly.

Rationale :

🥄Many salt substitutes use potassium chloride, which can cause hyperkalemia in clients with renal issues or those on ACE inhibitors.

🔍Patient education must include checking labels and using these products cautiously.

🧂Excess potassium can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias, especially in clients on a low-sodium, high-potassium regimen.

📚Clients should consult their provider before using any electrolyte-altering substitutes.

📌Core Message

Salt substitutes are often potassium-based and must be used sparingly to avoid hyperkalemia in at-risk patients.

Clayton's Basic Pharmacology for Nurses

No.

1 :
Which condition warrants the use of acetazolamide (Diamox) as a diuretic?

2 :
Which explanation by the nurse is accurate to include when teaching a patient who is beginning therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with metoclopramide?

3 :
A patient with a history of heart failure has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which change in therapy will most likely be required considering the interaction with glycosides and thyroid replacement therapy?

4 :
Which time is best for the nurse to administer Lispro?

5 :
Which medication will alert the nurse to monitor closely for adverse effects when assessing a client recently prescribed pentoxifylline (Trental)?

6 :
The nurse has completed teaching to a patient recently prescribed cilostazol (Pletal). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

7 :
Which action will the nurse implement to decrease the risk of clot formation in an older patient on bed rest?

8 :
The nurse is preparing a patient for an ophthalmic examination. Which action occurs when the nurse instills eyedrops to produce mydriasis?

9 :
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is ordered on a patient following knee replacement surgery. Which time period is accurate to convey when educating the patient on how long this treatment will continue?

10 :
Which information will the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient asking about the use of salt substitutes while on a sodium-restricted diet?

Clayton's Basic Pharmacology for Nurses

No.

1 : Which condition warrants the use of acetazolamide (Diamox) as a diuretic?

2 : Which explanation by the nurse is accurate to include when teaching a patient who is beginning therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with metoclopramide?

3 : A patient with a history of heart failure has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which change in therapy will most likely be required considering the interaction with glycosides and thyroid replacement therapy?

4 : Which time is best for the nurse to administer Lispro?

5 : Which medication will alert the nurse to monitor closely for adverse effects when assessing a client recently prescribed pentoxifylline (Trental)?

6 : The nurse has completed teaching to a patient recently prescribed cilostazol (Pletal). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

7 : Which action will the nurse implement to decrease the risk of clot formation in an older patient on bed rest?

8 : The nurse is preparing a patient for an ophthalmic examination. Which action occurs when the nurse instills eyedrops to produce mydriasis?

9 : Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is ordered on a patient following knee replacement surgery. Which time period is accurate to convey when educating the patient on how long this treatment will continue?

10 : Which information will the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient asking about the use of salt substitutes while on a sodium-restricted diet?

1 :
Which condition warrants the use of acetazolamide (Diamox) as a diuretic?

2 :
Which explanation by the nurse is accurate to include when teaching a patient who is beginning therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with metoclopramide?

3 :
A patient with a history of heart failure has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which change in therapy will most likely be required considering the interaction with glycosides and thyroid replacement therapy?

4 :
Which time is best for the nurse to administer Lispro?

5 :
Which medication will alert the nurse to monitor closely for adverse effects when assessing a client recently prescribed pentoxifylline (Trental)?

6 :
The nurse has completed teaching to a patient recently prescribed cilostazol (Pletal). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

7 :
Which action will the nurse implement to decrease the risk of clot formation in an older patient on bed rest?

8 :
The nurse is preparing a patient for an ophthalmic examination. Which action occurs when the nurse instills eyedrops to produce mydriasis?

9 :
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is ordered on a patient following knee replacement surgery. Which time period is accurate to convey when educating the patient on how long this treatment will continue?

10 :
Which information will the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient asking about the use of salt substitutes while on a sodium-restricted diet?