Question

A patient with carotid atherosclerosis asks the nurse to describe a carotid endarterectomy. Which response by the nurse is accurate?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

"The obstructing plaque is surgically removed from inside an artery in the neck."

Rationale :

🫀A carotid endarterectomy surgically removes atherosclerotic plaque from a carotid artery.

🩺The surgeon opens the affected artery in the neck and removes the obstructing material.

🧠Restoring cerebral blood flow decreases the risk of an ischemic stroke.

🛡️This procedure is commonly used to treat significant carotid artery stenosis.

📌Core Message

A carotid endarterectomy removes obstructing plaque from a neck artery to improve cerebral circulation and reduce stroke risk.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

It causes smooth muscle relaxation and increased penile blood flow

Rationale :

💊Sildenafil inhibits the enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5.

🧬This action prevents the breakdown of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the corpus cavernosum.

🌊Increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate produces smooth-muscle relaxation and greater penile blood flow.

⚙️The medication supports an erection in response to sexual stimulation rather than producing one independently.

📌Core Message

Sildenafil enhances cyclic guanosine monophosphate activity, causing smooth-muscle relaxation and increased penile blood flow.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

An improvement in urinary flow

Rationale :

🚽Tamsulosin selectively blocks alpha-1 receptors in the prostate and bladder neck.

🫧Alpha-1 blockade produces smooth-muscle relaxation around the urethral outlet.

💧Reduced outlet resistance permits urine to pass with a stronger and easier flow.

📈Improved urinary flow demonstrates that the medication is effectively relieving BPH-related obstruction.

📌Core Message

Tamsulosin relaxes prostate and bladder-neck smooth muscle, reducing obstruction and improving urinary flow.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Bacterial meningitis

Rationale :

🦠Bacterial meningitis causes acute inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

🌡️Fever, chills, headache, and vomiting are common manifestations of a severe meningeal infection.

💡Photophobia and nuchal rigidity are hallmark findings caused by meningeal irritation.

🧠The combination of neurological changes and meningeal signs strongly supports this diagnosis.

📌Core Message

The combination of fever, severe headache, photophobia, lethargy, and nuchal rigidity indicates bacterial meningitis.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

09.00 AM

Rationale :

💉Aspart is a rapid-acting insulin that begins lowering blood glucose shortly after administration.

⏱️Its maximum glucose-lowering effect usually occurs approximately 1 to 3 hours after injection.

📉The risk for hypoglycemia is greatest near the insulin’s peak effect.

🕘After an 0800 dose, 0900 is the option within the expected peak period.

📌Core Message

Aspart insulin creates the highest risk for hypoglycemia during its 1-to-3-hour peak, making 0900 AM the best answer.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Inject the drug into the abdominal subcutaneous tissue.

Rationale :

💊Enoxaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin administered by deep subcutaneous injection.

📍The recommended injection locations are the anterolateral or posterolateral abdominal wall.

🫧The nurse should leave the air bubble in a prefilled syringe to prevent medication loss.

🩹Correct abdominal administration promotes accurate dosing while reducing unnecessary tissue trauma.

📌Core Message

Enoxaparin should be administered into the abdominal subcutaneous tissue without expelling the air bubble or massaging the site.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Glaucoma

Rationale :

👁️Glaucoma is associated with optic nerve damage that is commonly related to increased intraocular pressure.

💧Pressure can increase when aqueous humor does not drain effectively from the eye.

📈Persistent pressure can progressively damage the optic nerve and impair vision.

🧿Therefore, increased intraocular pressure is most consistent with glaucoma.

📌Core Message

Elevated intraocular pressure is strongly associated with glaucoma and progressive optic nerve damage.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Skin in affected extremity is taut and shiny
Report intermittent claudication pain
Sores on the toes or feet

Rationale :

🦵Peripheral arterial disease causes reduced arterial blood flow to the affected extremity.

🛣️Inadequate circulation produces intermittent claudication, especially during walking or exercise.

✨Chronic ischemia causes the skin to appear thin, taut, hairless, and shiny.

🩸Severe arterial insufficiency can produce poorly healing ulcers on the toes or feet.

📌Core Message

Peripheral arterial disease commonly produces intermittent claudication, shiny skin, diminished pulses, and distal foot or toe ulcers.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Retina

Rationale :

👀The retina is the light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye.

🌈It contains rods and cones, which convert light into electrical nerve signals.

🧠These signals travel through the optic nerve to the brain, where visual images are interpreted.

🩺Diabetes can damage retinal tissues and blood vessels, resulting in diabetic retinopathy and visual disturbances.

📌Core Message

The retina contains rods and cones, making it the structure responsible for detecting light and initiating vision.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Apply antacid coating solutions and viscous lidocaine.

Rationale :

👄Stomatitis causes painful inflammation and ulceration of the oral mucosa.

🔥Viscous lidocaine provides local pain relief by temporarily numbing irritated oral tissues.

🧴Antacid-based preparations may coat the mucosa and reduce contact with irritating substances.

🛡️Pain control promotes adequate oral intake, hydration, and mouth care during cancer treatment.

📌Core Message

Stomatitis pain can be relieved with a mucosal coating preparation and viscous lidocaine, supporting nutrition and oral care.

NUR 3421 PathoPharm II Exam-1

No.

1 :
A patient with carotid atherosclerosis asks the nurse to describe a carotid endarterectomy. Which response by the nurse is accurate?

2 :
A male patient with erectile dysfunction is prescribed sildenafil citrate and he asks for an explanation as to how the medication works. How would the nurse explain the action of this drug?

3 :
A patient is receiving Tamsulosin, an alpha blocker, to treat his BPH. The nurse teaches the patient that this medication relaxes the smooth muscle fibers of the prostate and bladder. If the drug is effective, the patient should expect to experience which of the following?

4 :
A 24-year-old is admitted to the critical care unit with fever, chills, headache, vomiting, lethargy, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity. Based on these clinical manifestations, what is the anticipated diagnosis?

5 :
A patient receives aspart insulin at 8:00 AM. At which time would the nurse anticipate the highest risk for hypoglycemia?

6 :
Which action would the nurse take when giving enoxaparin to a patient with a lower leg venous thromboembolism (VTE)?

7 :
A patient has increased intraocular pressure. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?

8 :
The nurse caring for a patient diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease notes which 3 (three) clinical manifestations in the patient history are consistent with this diagnosis? Select the 3 (three) correct answers.

9 :
A 50-year-old diabetic patient experiences visual disturbances and decides to visit his primary care provider. After examination, the primary care provider tells the patient that the cells that allow him to see are degenerated. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?

10 :
A patient has developed stomatitis while receiving treatment for cancer. What would be an appropriate intervention to suggest for the pain associated with the stomatitis?

NUR 3421 PathoPharm II Exam-1

No.

1 : A patient with carotid atherosclerosis asks the nurse to describe a carotid endarterectomy. Which response by the nurse is accurate?

2 : A male patient with erectile dysfunction is prescribed sildenafil citrate and he asks for an explanation as to how the medication works. How would the nurse explain the action of this drug?

3 : A patient is receiving Tamsulosin, an alpha blocker, to treat his BPH. The nurse teaches the patient that this medication relaxes the smooth muscle fibers of the prostate and bladder. If the drug is effective, the patient should expect to experience which of the following?

4 : A 24-year-old is admitted to the critical care unit with fever, chills, headache, vomiting, lethargy, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity. Based on these clinical manifestations, what is the anticipated diagnosis?

5 : A patient receives aspart insulin at 8:00 AM. At which time would the nurse anticipate the highest risk for hypoglycemia?

6 : Which action would the nurse take when giving enoxaparin to a patient with a lower leg venous thromboembolism (VTE)?

7 : A patient has increased intraocular pressure. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?

8 : The nurse caring for a patient diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease notes which 3 (three) clinical manifestations in the patient history are consistent with this diagnosis? Select the 3 (three) correct answers.

9 : A 50-year-old diabetic patient experiences visual disturbances and decides to visit his primary care provider. After examination, the primary care provider tells the patient that the cells that allow him to see are degenerated. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?

10 : A patient has developed stomatitis while receiving treatment for cancer. What would be an appropriate intervention to suggest for the pain associated with the stomatitis?

1 :
A patient with carotid atherosclerosis asks the nurse to describe a carotid endarterectomy. Which response by the nurse is accurate?

2 :
A male patient with erectile dysfunction is prescribed sildenafil citrate and he asks for an explanation as to how the medication works. How would the nurse explain the action of this drug?

3 :
A patient is receiving Tamsulosin, an alpha blocker, to treat his BPH. The nurse teaches the patient that this medication relaxes the smooth muscle fibers of the prostate and bladder. If the drug is effective, the patient should expect to experience which of the following?

4 :
A 24-year-old is admitted to the critical care unit with fever, chills, headache, vomiting, lethargy, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity. Based on these clinical manifestations, what is the anticipated diagnosis?

5 :
A patient receives aspart insulin at 8:00 AM. At which time would the nurse anticipate the highest risk for hypoglycemia?

6 :
Which action would the nurse take when giving enoxaparin to a patient with a lower leg venous thromboembolism (VTE)?

7 :
A patient has increased intraocular pressure. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?

8 :
The nurse caring for a patient diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease notes which 3 (three) clinical manifestations in the patient history are consistent with this diagnosis? Select the 3 (three) correct answers.

9 :
A 50-year-old diabetic patient experiences visual disturbances and decides to visit his primary care provider. After examination, the primary care provider tells the patient that the cells that allow him to see are degenerated. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?

10 :
A patient has developed stomatitis while receiving treatment for cancer. What would be an appropriate intervention to suggest for the pain associated with the stomatitis?