Question

An older adult client is admitted to the medical unit following a fall at home. While undressing the client, the nurse observes that the client is wearing an adult diaper and skin breakdown is obvious over the sacral area. Which action should the nurse implement first?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Determine the size and depth of skin breakdown over the sacral area.

Rationale :

🩹The nurse should first assess the existing skin breakdown to determine its severity and characteristics.

📏Measuring the size, depth, and condition of the wound provides baseline data needed for appropriate treatment planning.

🧠Assessment must occur before implementing interventions because the nurse needs to identify the extent of tissue injury.

📋Accurate wound assessment also supports proper documentation, staging, and monitoring of healing.

📌Core Message

When skin breakdown is present, the nurse should first perform a thorough wound assessment, including its size and depth, before planning interventions.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Verify the prescribed dosage with the HCP.

Rationale :

⚠️An unusually large medication dose is a potential medication safety concern that must be clarified before administration.

📞The nurse should contact the prescribing healthcare provider because only the prescriber can verify or modify the original prescription.

🛡️Clarifying a questionable dose protects the client from potential medication toxicity or overdose.

🧠The nurse has a professional responsibility to question prescriptions that appear unsafe rather than administering them automatically.

📌Core Message

A nurse must hold and clarify a questionable medication dose with the prescriber before administration.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Lean beef patty, steamed broccoli, and fresh fruit salad.

Rationale :

🥩Fresh lean beef is naturally relatively low in sodium when it is prepared without added salt or processed seasonings.

🥦Steamed broccoli is a low-sodium vegetable when sauces or added salt are avoided.

🍎Fresh fruit contains very little sodium and supports a heart-healthy diet.

❤️Clients with heart failure should limit dietary sodium to reduce fluid retention and cardiac workload.

📌Core Message

A low-sodium diet emphasizes fresh meats, vegetables, and fruits while limiting processed and commercially prepared foods.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Washes hands before handling the needle and syringe.

Rationale :

🧼Hand hygiene is a fundamental component of standard precautions and should occur before preparing or administering medications.

💉Clean hands reduce the risk of transferring microorganisms to medication equipment or injection sites.

🦠Standard precautions apply to every client because potentially infectious material may be present even when infection is not known.

✅Proper hand hygiene therefore demonstrates understanding of infection prevention practices during home medication administration.

📌Core Message

Proper hand hygiene before handling injection equipment is a key standard precaution.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Supplemental oxygen 10 L/min via nasal cannula

Rationale :

🌬️A standard nasal cannula generally delivers low-flow oxygen at approximately 1 to 6 L/min.

⚠️An order for 10 L/min through a standard nasal cannula exceeds the usual delivery range and should be questioned.

🫁A client requiring this amount of oxygen may need a more appropriate oxygen-delivery device, such as a face mask or specialized high-flow system.

🛡️The nurse should clarify prescriptions when the ordered device and flow rate are incompatible.

📌Core Message

A standard nasal cannula is a low-flow oxygen device, so 10 L/min through a standard nasal cannula should be clarified.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Perform hand hygiene
Identify the client using 2 client identifiers
Assess respiratory function
Check the skin around the face

Rationale :

🧼Performing hand hygiene before applying oxygen equipment reduces microorganism transmission.

🪪Using two client identifiers ensures oxygen therapy is provided to the correct client according to safety standards.

🫁Assessing respiratory function establishes baseline respiratory rate, effort, breath sounds, and oxygenation before therapy.

👃Assessing the skin around the face provides a baseline for detecting pressure, irritation, or skin breakdown caused by the mask.

📌Core Message

Before applying an oxygen mask, perform hand hygiene, verify identity, assess respiration, and inspect facial skin.

Answer 7

Correct Answers

Blank 1 Correct Option: Tachypnea
Blank 2 Correct Option: Tachycardia

Rationale :

🌬️A respiratory rate of 29 breaths/min exceeds the normal adult range and indicates tachypnea.

❤️A heart rate of 104 beats/min exceeds 100 beats/min and indicates tachycardia.

🫁Both findings can occur when pneumonia causes impaired oxygenation and increases physiological demand.

⚡The body may increase both respiratory and heart rates in an attempt to improve oxygen delivery to tissues.

📌Core Message

A heart rate of 104/min indicates tachycardia, while a respiratory rate of 29/min indicates tachypnea.

Answer 8

Correct Answers

Blank 1 Correct Option: Hypoxia
Blank 2 Correct Option: Decreased diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood

Rationale :

🫁The client's oxygen saturation of 89% on room air demonstrates inadequate blood oxygenation consistent with hypoxia.

🦠Pneumonia causes inflammatory fluid and cellular material to accumulate within the alveoli.

🔄Alveolar consolidation interferes with oxygen diffusion across the alveolar-capillary membrane into the bloodstream.

📉The resulting impaired gas exchange explains the client's low oxygen saturation, tachypnea, and respiratory symptoms.

📌Core Message

Pneumonia causes alveolar consolidation, which reduces oxygen diffusion into the blood and leads to hypoxia.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Assist the client in ambulating safely
Positioning the client with the head of the bed elevated
Teaching the client to cough at least once an hour

Rationale :

🚶Safe ambulation promotes deeper ventilation, mobilizes respiratory secretions, and reduces complications associated with immobility.

🛏️Elevating the head of the bed improves diaphragmatic expansion and promotes more effective ventilation.

💨Regular coughing helps mobilize and remove respiratory secretions associated with pneumonia.

🫁Together, mobility, positioning, and coughing improve lung expansion, airway clearance, ventilation, and oxygenation.

📌Core Message

Ventilation and oxygenation improve with upright positioning, safe mobility, and regular coughing to expand the lungs and clear secretions.

Answer 10

Correct Answers

PaCO2 55 mm Hg per arterial blood gas (normal 35 to 45 mm Hg) [ Ineffective ]
Rhonchi in the right lung [ Ineffective ]
Oxygen saturation greater than 94% [ Effective ]
Diminished breath sounds in the right lung [ Ineffective ]
Symmetrical chest expansion [ Effective ]
Client ambulates without shortness of breath [ Effective ]

Rationale :

🫧A PaCO₂ of 55 mm Hg is above normal and indicates inadequate ventilation with carbon dioxide retention.

🎧Persistent rhonchi suggest that secretions or airway obstruction remain despite treatment.

📈An oxygen saturation above 94% demonstrates improved oxygenation and gas exchange.

🔉Diminished breath sounds indicate continued reduced air movement in the affected lung.

🫁Symmetrical chest expansion reflects improved and balanced ventilation of both lungs.

🚶Ambulating without dyspnea indicates improved activity tolerance and respiratory function.

📌Core Message

Effective pneumonia treatment improves oxygenation, ventilation, breath sounds, chest expansion, and activity tolerance.

Assessment Findings	Effective	Ineffective
PaCO2 55 mm Hg per arterial blood gas (normal 35 to 45 mm Hg)
Rhonchi in the right lung
Oxygen saturation greater than 94%
Diminished breath sounds in the right lung
Symmetrical chest expansion
Client ambulates without shortness of breath

HESI RN Fundamentals Exam-2

No.

1 :
An older adult client is admitted to the medical unit following a fall at home. While undressing the client, the nurse observes that the client is wearing an adult diaper and skin breakdown is obvious over the sacral area. Which action should the nurse implement first?

📌Core Message

📌Core Message

3 :
A client with heart failure (HF) is making menu selections. Which meal choice indicates that the client understands which foods are included in a low sodium diet?

📌Core Message

4 :
The nurse is teaching a client about use of syringes and needles for home administration of medications. Which action by the client indicates an understanding of standard precautions?

📌Core Message

5 :
A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

Answer Options

📌Core Message

6 :
A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

Answer Options

📌Core Message

7 :
A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

Correct Answers

📌Core Message

8 :
A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

Correct Answers

📌Core Message

9 :
A nurse is attending to a 51 year old make client.

Answer Options

📌Core Message

10 :
A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

Correct Answers

📌Core Message

HESI RN Fundamentals Exam-2

No.

1 : An older adult client is admitted to the medical unit following a fall at home. While undressing the client, the nurse observes that the client is wearing an adult diaper and skin breakdown is obvious over the sacral area. Which action should the nurse implement first?

📌Core Message

📌Core Message

3 : A client with heart failure (HF) is making menu selections. Which meal choice indicates that the client understands which foods are included in a low sodium diet?

📌Core Message

4 : The nurse is teaching a client about use of syringes and needles for home administration of medications. Which action by the client indicates an understanding of standard precautions?

📌Core Message

5 : A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

Answer Options

📌Core Message

6 : A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

Answer Options

📌Core Message

7 : A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

Correct Answers

📌Core Message

8 : A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

Correct Answers

📌Core Message

9 : A nurse is attending to a 51 year old make client.

Answer Options

📌Core Message

10 : A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

Correct Answers

📌Core Message

1 :
An older adult client is admitted to the medical unit following a fall at home. While undressing the client, the nurse observes that the client is wearing an adult diaper and skin breakdown is obvious over the sacral area. Which action should the nurse implement first?

3 :
A client with heart failure (HF) is making menu selections. Which meal choice indicates that the client understands which foods are included in a low sodium diet?

4 :
The nurse is teaching a client about use of syringes and needles for home administration of medications. Which action by the client indicates an understanding of standard precautions?

5 :
A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

6 :
A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

7 :
A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

8 :
A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.

9 :
A nurse is attending to a 51 year old make client.

10 :
A nurse is attending to a 51 year old male client.