Question

The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking a bronchodilator. In what disease process should bronchodilators be used cautiously?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Heart failure

Rationale :

🫁Bronchodilators, particularly beta₂-adrenergic agonists, can stimulate the cardiovascular system.

❤️These medications may cause tachycardia, palpitations, and increased cardiac workload.

⚠️A patient with heart failure may have limited ability to tolerate these cardiovascular effects.

💊Bronchodilators should therefore be administered cautiously while monitoring heart rate, rhythm, and clinical status.

📌Core Message:

Bronchodilators require caution in heart failure because their cardiovascular effects can increase cardiac workload and aggravate the patient’s condition.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR)

Rationale :

🩸Warfarin decreases the synthesis of vitamin K–dependent clotting factors.

🧪The medication’s anticoagulant effect is monitored using PT and INR.

🎯For many indications, the usual therapeutic INR range is approximately 2.0–3.0, although the prescribed target may vary.

⚠️Regular monitoring helps maintain therapeutic anticoagulation while reducing bleeding and clotting risks.

📌Core Message:

Warfarin therapy is evaluated using PT and INR to maintain therapeutic anticoagulation while minimizing bleeding and thromboembolic complications.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Rash to the face and neck

Rationale :

🚨A new facial and neck rash following penicillin may indicate an immediate hypersensitivity reaction.

🧬Penicillin can provoke an IgE-mediated allergic response, particularly after initial exposure in a sensitized patient.

🫁The reaction may rapidly progress to airway swelling, bronchospasm, and anaphylaxis.

💉The nurse should stop the medication, assess the airway and circulation, and initiate emergency interventions as prescribed.

📌Core Message:

A new facial or neck rash after penicillin must be treated promptly because it may progress to life-threatening anaphylaxis.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

10.3

Rationale :

🧮The required volume is calculated using desired dose ÷ available dose × available volume.

💊Substituting the prescribed values gives 297 mg ÷ 259 mg × 9 mL.

🔢The calculated volume is approximately 10.320 mL.

🎯Rounding to the nearest tenth produces a dose of 10.3 mL.

📌Core Message:

Applying the desired-over-available dosage formula and rounding appropriately indicates that the nurse should administer 10.3 mL.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Pulse 44 beats/min

Rationale :

❤️Digoxin slows conduction through the atrioventricular node and may decrease the heart rate.

🩺An adult apical pulse below 60 beats/min generally requires withholding the medication and notifying the provider.

⚠️Administering digoxin when the pulse is 44 beats/min could worsen severe bradycardia or heart block.

⏱️The nurse should measure the apical pulse for one full minute before administration.

📌Core Message:

Digoxin should be withheld for marked bradycardia, such as an apical pulse of 44 beats/min, because it may further suppress cardiac conduction.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Contact the provider to clarify the order

Rationale :

📞The listed interventions do not reflect the essential monitoring and teaching associated with isoniazid therapy, so the order and treatment plan require clarification.

🧪Isoniazid commonly requires monitoring for hepatotoxicity, including assessment of liver-related symptoms and laboratory results when indicated.

🧠Patients at risk for peripheral neuropathy may require pyridoxine supplementation, rather than avoidance of iron.

⚠️Clarification is the safest priority because the prescription alone does not establish active contagious tuberculosis requiring respiratory isolation.

📌Core Message:

When an isoniazid prescription lacks context and the available interventions do not address hepatotoxicity or neurotoxicity, the nurse should seek provider clarification.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

It helps prevent blood clots from forming

Rationale :

🩸Enoxaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulant.

🧬It primarily enhances antithrombin activity against factor Xa, reducing thrombin generation.

🏥After surgery, this action helps prevent deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

⚠️The patient should monitor for unusual bleeding, bruising, or black stools while receiving the medication.

📌Core Message:

Enoxaparin reduces the formation and extension of blood clots, helping prevent postoperative venous thromboembolism.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Liver disease

Rationale :

🩸The liver produces most of the body’s essential coagulation factors.

🧬Liver disease can reduce clotting-factor synthesis and produce an increased risk of bleeding.

💊Hemostatic agents may be used to replace deficient factors or support coagulation in selected patients with hemophilia or liver-related bleeding.

🧪Treatment depends on the specific deficiency and may include factor concentrates, vitamin K, or blood products.

📌Core Message:

Hemostatic therapy may be required in hemophilia and liver disease because both conditions can involve deficient coagulation factors and clinically significant bleeding.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Tenecteplase

Rationale :

❤️Tenecteplase is a fibrinolytic medication used for eligible patients experiencing an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

🩸It converts plasminogen to plasmin, promoting breakdown of the fibrin clot obstructing coronary blood flow.

⏱️When timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention is unavailable, prompt fibrinolysis can restore myocardial perfusion.

⚠️The nurse must screen carefully for bleeding risks and contraindications before administration.

📌Core Message:

Tenecteplase can restore coronary perfusion during an eligible acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction by producing rapid fibrinolysis.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

"Do you eat any meat or animal products?"

Rationale :

🥩Vitamin B12 occurs naturally primarily in animal-derived foods, including meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products.

🌱Patients following strict vegan or highly restrictive diets may develop inadequate vitamin B12 intake without supplementation.

🩸Deficiency impairs DNA synthesis and may produce megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, and weakness.

🧠Prolonged deficiency may also cause potentially irreversible neurologic impairment, making dietary assessment important.

📌Core Message:

Asking about consumption of meat and animal products directly evaluates inadequate dietary intake as a potential cause of vitamin B12–deficiency anemia.

Final Exam Pharmacology-1

No.

1 :
The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking a bronchodilator. In what disease process should bronchodilators be used cautiously?

2 :
The nurse is caring for a patient who is going home on warfarin. Which laboratory test will the nurse inform the patient that will be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the medication?

3 :
A patient has just received the first dose of penicillin. Which assessment finding should the nurse identify as a serious adverse reaction that requires prompt intervention?

4 :
The client has an order for cephalexin (Keflex) 297 mg orally. The medication available is cephalexin 259 mg/ 9 mL. How many mL will the nurse administer? mL (If needed, round to the nearest tenth.)

5 :
The nurse assesses a patient before administering digoxin. What finding would cause the nurse to withhold the medication and notify the primary health care provider?

6 :
A patient has been prescribed isoniazid (INH) 250 mg PO daily. What nurse action should the nurse PRIORITIZE?

7 :
A patient is being sent home on enoxaparin following surgery. The nurse should describe the benefits of this medication is?

8 :
The nurse administers agents that control bleeding to patients diagnosed with hemophilia, and what other condition?

9 :
The nurse is caring for a patient who is having an acute myocardial infarction (MI) in the emergency department. Which drug will the nurse administer before admitting the patient to a hospital unit?

10 :
A 22-year-old female patient with no significant health history reports severe fatigue. The patient is found to be anemic due to vitamin B12 deficiency. What assessment question by the nurse BEST addresses a potential etiology?

Final Exam Pharmacology-1

No.

1 : The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking a bronchodilator. In what disease process should bronchodilators be used cautiously?

2 : The nurse is caring for a patient who is going home on warfarin. Which laboratory test will the nurse inform the patient that will be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the medication?

3 : A patient has just received the first dose of penicillin. Which assessment finding should the nurse identify as a serious adverse reaction that requires prompt intervention?

4 : The client has an order for cephalexin (Keflex) 297 mg orally. The medication available is cephalexin 259 mg/ 9 mL. How many mL will the nurse administer? mL (If needed, round to the nearest tenth.)

5 : The nurse assesses a patient before administering digoxin. What finding would cause the nurse to withhold the medication and notify the primary health care provider?

6 : A patient has been prescribed isoniazid (INH) 250 mg PO daily. What nurse action should the nurse PRIORITIZE?

7 : A patient is being sent home on enoxaparin following surgery. The nurse should describe the benefits of this medication is?

8 : The nurse administers agents that control bleeding to patients diagnosed with hemophilia, and what other condition?

9 : The nurse is caring for a patient who is having an acute myocardial infarction (MI) in the emergency department. Which drug will the nurse administer before admitting the patient to a hospital unit?

10 : A 22-year-old female patient with no significant health history reports severe fatigue. The patient is found to be anemic due to vitamin B12 deficiency. What assessment question by the nurse BEST addresses a potential etiology?

1 :
The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking a bronchodilator. In what disease process should bronchodilators be used cautiously?

2 :
The nurse is caring for a patient who is going home on warfarin. Which laboratory test will the nurse inform the patient that will be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the medication?

3 :
A patient has just received the first dose of penicillin. Which assessment finding should the nurse identify as a serious adverse reaction that requires prompt intervention?

4 :
The client has an order for cephalexin (Keflex) 297 mg orally. The medication available is cephalexin 259 mg/ 9 mL. How many mL will the nurse administer? mL (If needed, round to the nearest tenth.)

5 :
The nurse assesses a patient before administering digoxin. What finding would cause the nurse to withhold the medication and notify the primary health care provider?

6 :
A patient has been prescribed isoniazid (INH) 250 mg PO daily. What nurse action should the nurse PRIORITIZE?

7 :
A patient is being sent home on enoxaparin following surgery. The nurse should describe the benefits of this medication is?

8 :
The nurse administers agents that control bleeding to patients diagnosed with hemophilia, and what other condition?

9 :
The nurse is caring for a patient who is having an acute myocardial infarction (MI) in the emergency department. Which drug will the nurse administer before admitting the patient to a hospital unit?

10 :
A 22-year-old female patient with no significant health history reports severe fatigue. The patient is found to be anemic due to vitamin B12 deficiency. What assessment question by the nurse BEST addresses a potential etiology?