Question

A nurse administers a dose of acetaminophen 1,000 mg (two 500 mg tablets) to an adult client for a severe headache. Twenty minutes later, a second nurse inadvertently administers an identical second dose of acetaminophen 1,000 mg for the same complaint. After assessing the client, notifying the healthcare provider, and completing an institutional incident report, which entry should the nurse document in the client's permanent medical record?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

"Acetaminophen 1000 mg administered at 1400. Inadvertent second dose of 1000 mg administered at 1420. Healthcare provider notified, client assessed with no acute distress, and vital signs remain stable."

Rationale :

💊The permanent medical record should contain an objective, factual description of the medications administered, the client's assessment findings, and the actions taken after the medication error.

📝The nurse should document the two acetaminophen doses, the times they were administered, notification of the healthcare provider, and the client's clinical status following the error.

⚖️Documentation should remain factual and nonjudgmental without assigning blame or speculating about why the medication error occurred.

🔒An incident or variance report is an internal risk-management document and should not be referenced in the client's medical record.

📌Core Message

The medical record should document the medication given, the client's response, and provider notification without mentioning the incident report.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

"Would you like to talk for a little while?”

Rationale :

💁‍♂️Offering to spend time with the client demonstrates the therapeutic communication technique of offering self while allowing the client to decide whether to discuss the situation.

🤝This response respects the client's autonomy because it does not pressure the client to reveal information before the client is ready.

🧠A client who becomes more isolative after a visit may be experiencing several possible emotional reactions, so the nurse should avoid assuming what the client feels.

🌿A broad, supportive invitation creates a safe opportunity for therapeutic expression without directing or controlling the conversation.

📌Core Message

Therapeutic communication promotes client choice and emotional expression by offering support without making assumptions about feelings.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Risk for impaired skin integrity.

Rationale :

🦶Peripheral neuropathy reduces the client's ability to perceive pain, pressure, heat, or trauma affecting the feet.

⚠️Because injuries may go unnoticed, the client has an increased risk for impaired skin integrity, including blisters, pressure injuries, burns, and ulcers.

🔍Regular inspection and appropriate foot care are essential because early tissue damage may occur without the client experiencing warning symptoms.

🩹Preventing skin breakdown is particularly important because damaged tissue can later become infected and develop into serious diabetic or neuropathic foot complications.

📌Core Message

Loss of protective sensation from neuropathy makes prevention of skin breakdown the priority focus of foot care.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Avoid alcohol in the evening
Avoid naps
Try to go to bed and awaken at the same time every day

Rationale :

🍷Avoiding alcohol in the evening promotes better-quality sleep because alcohol can initially cause sedation but later disrupt normal sleep architecture and increase nighttime awakenings.

🌤️Avoiding daytime naps helps build sufficient sleep pressure so the client is more likely to fall asleep efficiently at bedtime.

⏰Maintaining a consistent sleep-wake schedule supports regulation of the body's circadian rhythm and promotes predictable sleep onset.

🌙These interventions are established sleep hygiene strategies for insomnia and are appropriate after conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea have been excluded.

📌Core Message

Effective sleep hygiene includes limiting evening alcohol, avoiding naps, and maintaining a consistent sleep-wake schedule.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

The client will demonstrate ability to change the ostomy bag in two days.

Rationale :

🎯An appropriate nursing outcome statement should be client-centered, measurable, observable, realistic, and time limited.

🩺Demonstrating the ability to change an ostomy bag provides a directly observable behavior that allows the nurse to determine whether learning has occurred.

⏳The phrase “in two days” establishes a specific timeframe for evaluating whether the expected outcome has been achieved.

🏠Mastering ostomy self-care is particularly important for preparing the client to safely manage the colostomy after discharge.

📌Core Message

A well-written nursing outcome contains an observable client behavior, a measurable criterion, and a specific timeframe.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Polish on the fingernails.
Weak, thready radial pulse.

Rationale :

💅Nail polish can interfere with the transmission and absorption of light used by a pulse oximeter to calculate oxygen saturation.

💁‍♂️A weak, thready pulse suggests decreased peripheral perfusion, which may prevent the pulse oximeter from detecting an adequate pulsatile signal.

📉Poor peripheral circulation can therefore produce an inaccurate or unreliable oxygen saturation measurement.

🔄When a questionable SpO₂ reading occurs, the nurse should assess the client clinically and consider repositioning the probe or selecting a better-perfused site.

📌Core Message

Nail polish and inadequate peripheral perfusion can interfere with pulse oximetry and produce unreliable oxygen saturation readings.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Connect the tubing to the flow meter.

Rationale :

👉The client cannot receive the prescribed oxygen therapy when the nasal-cannula tubing is disconnected from the oxygen flow meter.

🔗The immediate corrective action is to reconnect the tubing so the prescribed oxygen can reach the client's nasal cannula.

⚕️Restoring the existing prescribed oxygen delivery system addresses the identified problem directly without unnecessarily altering the treatment plan.

📋The nurse should subsequently evaluate the client's oxygenation status and ensure that the equipment is functioning correctly.

📌Core Message

A disconnected oxygen line requires immediate restoration of the oxygen delivery pathway before further assessment or treatment modification.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Puts on new gloves when entering a client's room.

Rationale :

🧤Using new gloves helps prevent the transmission of microorganisms from one client or contaminated environment to another.

🦠Gloves are an essential component of standard and transmission-based precautions when exposure to infectious material or contaminated surfaces is anticipated.

♻️Gloves should be single-use and replaced rather than carried around for repeated use between clients or care activities.

🧼Proper hand hygiene remains necessary before donning gloves and after removing them because gloves do not replace handwashing.

📌Core Message

Correct glove use requires fresh gloves when indicated, single-use practice, and proper hand hygiene to prevent cross-contamination.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Ensure bevel of the needle is pointing up.

Rationale :

💉An intradermal injection places a small amount of medication into the dermal layer immediately below the epidermis.

🔺The needle is inserted with the bevel facing upward, which facilitates proper placement within the superficial dermis and formation of a small wheal.

📐The syringe is held at a shallow 5- to 15-degree angle rather than perpendicular to the skin.

💁‍♂️The injection site should generally not be massaged because massage can disperse the medication into deeper tissue and alter test results.

📌Core Message

Proper intradermal technique uses a shallow insertion angle with the needle bevel upward to deposit medication within the dermis.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Determine if the corneas are dry.

Rationale :

👁️A diminished blink reflex reduces the normal spreading of tears across the surface of the eyes.

💧An unresponsive client is therefore at increased risk for corneal dryness because the eyelids may remain partially open and blinking occurs less frequently.

🩺The nurse should assess the corneas and eyes for dryness and provide appropriate eye care to maintain comfort and prevent tissue damage.

🕊️Because the client is receiving hospice care, interventions should emphasize comfort, dignity, and prevention of avoidable discomfort.

📌Core Message

A diminished blink reflex places an unresponsive hospice client at risk for corneal drying, making eye assessment and comfort care important.

NSG521 Fundamentals & Health Assessment Final Exam 2026

No.

2 :
A client assigned to a mental health unit visits with the significant other during the evening. After the significant other leaves, the nurse notices that the client is more isolative and refuses to attend the evening group. Which response by the nurse is most therapeutic?

3 :
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of neuropathy who reports increasing numbness and tingling in the lower extremities. Which problem should the nurse determine is the priority for promoting foot care at this time?

4 :
A nurse is caring for a client.

Answer Options

6 :
A client's oxygen saturation level is 88% via a pulse oximeter probe placed on the client's third finger of the left hand. Which factor(s) can cause the nurse to question the accuracy of this value? Select all that apply.

7 :
The nurse determines that a client's oxygen flow meter is set at 1.5 L/minute, the nasal cannula is in place in the client's nares, and the oxygen tubing is disconnected from the flow meter. Which action would the nurse implement?

8 :
The nurse educator is conducting a class for unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which action indicates that a UAP understands gloving procedures?

9 :
The nurse is administering an intradermal (ID) injection to a client. Which action should the nurse take?

10 :
During report the nurse receives information on an adult client receiving hospice care. The client has been unresponsive with a diminished blink reflex. Which intervention should the nurse perform?

NSG521 Fundamentals & Health Assessment Final Exam 2026

No.

2 : A client assigned to a mental health unit visits with the significant other during the evening. After the significant other leaves, the nurse notices that the client is more isolative and refuses to attend the evening group. Which response by the nurse is most therapeutic?

3 : The nurse is caring for a client with a history of neuropathy who reports increasing numbness and tingling in the lower extremities. Which problem should the nurse determine is the priority for promoting foot care at this time?

4 : A nurse is caring for a client.

Answer Options

6 : A client's oxygen saturation level is 88% via a pulse oximeter probe placed on the client's third finger of the left hand. Which factor(s) can cause the nurse to question the accuracy of this value? Select all that apply.

7 : The nurse determines that a client's oxygen flow meter is set at 1.5 L/minute, the nasal cannula is in place in the client's nares, and the oxygen tubing is disconnected from the flow meter. Which action would the nurse implement?

8 : The nurse educator is conducting a class for unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which action indicates that a UAP understands gloving procedures?

9 : The nurse is administering an intradermal (ID) injection to a client. Which action should the nurse take?

10 : During report the nurse receives information on an adult client receiving hospice care. The client has been unresponsive with a diminished blink reflex. Which intervention should the nurse perform?

2 :
A client assigned to a mental health unit visits with the significant other during the evening. After the significant other leaves, the nurse notices that the client is more isolative and refuses to attend the evening group. Which response by the nurse is most therapeutic?

3 :
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of neuropathy who reports increasing numbness and tingling in the lower extremities. Which problem should the nurse determine is the priority for promoting foot care at this time?

4 :
A nurse is caring for a client.

6 :
A client's oxygen saturation level is 88% via a pulse oximeter probe placed on the client's third finger of the left hand. Which factor(s) can cause the nurse to question the accuracy of this value? Select all that apply.

7 :
The nurse determines that a client's oxygen flow meter is set at 1.5 L/minute, the nasal cannula is in place in the client's nares, and the oxygen tubing is disconnected from the flow meter. Which action would the nurse implement?

8 :
The nurse educator is conducting a class for unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which action indicates that a UAP understands gloving procedures?

9 :
The nurse is administering an intradermal (ID) injection to a client. Which action should the nurse take?

10 :
During report the nurse receives information on an adult client receiving hospice care. The client has been unresponsive with a diminished blink reflex. Which intervention should the nurse perform?