Question

A patient with peptic ulcer disease is scheduled to receive doses of pantoprazole IV and sucralfate PO before breakfast at 0800. The patient reports experiencing heartburn. The nurse brings the scheduled medications. Which action should the nurse take?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Administer both of the medications before breakfast as scheduled.

Rationale :

🍽️Sucralfate forms a protective barrier over ulcer sites and is best absorbed on an empty stomach, ideally before meals.

💉Pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, should be given before meals to suppress acid secretion prior to food intake.

⏰Administering both medications before breakfast maximizes their therapeutic effects, improving ulcer healing and symptom control.

🚫Combining antacids with sucralfate or pantoprazole can interfere with absorption, reducing effectiveness.

📌Core Message

Pantoprazole and sucralfate must be administered before meals to optimize acid suppression and ulcer protection.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Contact the healthcare provider.

Rationale :

⚠️Clients with anaphylactic reactions to penicillin have a potential cross-reactivity risk with cephalosporins like cephalexin.

📊Studies indicate 1–4% cross-sensitivity, making it unsafe to proceed without provider approval.

🚑Anaphylaxis is life-threatening, and proceeding without clearance can result in severe allergic reactions.

📞The nurse must prioritize safety and clarify the prescription before administering.

📌Core Message

Cephalexin may cross-react with penicillin allergy, so the nurse must contact the provider before administration.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Use a straw to ingest.

Rationale :

🦷Ferrous sulfate elixir can stain teeth due to its metallic content.

🥤Using a straw directs the liquid past the teeth, minimizing surface contact and discoloration.

🧪It is also advisable to dilute the elixir to reduce gastrointestinal irritation.

🥛Avoiding calcium or antacids is critical, as they can interfere with iron absorption.

📌Core Message

Ferrous sulfate elixir should be taken with a straw to prevent teeth staining and ensure effective iron therapy.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

I will take the tablet every evening to control my asthma.

Rationale :

🌙Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist meant for daily use, usually in the evening.

🌬️It helps prevent airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction but does not relieve acute attacks.

📆It must be taken consistently for long-term asthma control, often alongside inhaled corticosteroids.

🚫Confusing it with a rescue inhaler undermines its preventive purpose.

📌Core Message

Montelukast must be taken daily, typically in the evening, for long-term asthma control.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Observe bowel movement pattern and take a stool softener.

Rationale :

💊Morphine frequently causes constipation by slowing bowel motility through its opioid effects.

🚽Clients must be advised to monitor bowel habits and use stool softeners or laxatives as needed.

🧠Constipation is one of the most common and bothersome side effects, especially in long-term use.

📉Proper bowel management improves comfort and prevents opioid-related complications.

📌Core Message

Morphine commonly causes constipation, so patients must use stool softeners and monitor bowel patterns.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Takes metformin hydrochloride for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Rationale :

🧬Metformin and IV contrast together pose a risk of lactic acidosis, especially with impaired renal function.

💡Before contrast scans, providers may withhold metformin and check kidney function to ensure safety.

📋Clients taking metformin need careful pre- and post-scan monitoring to avoid metabolic complications.

🩺This risk necessitates follow-up, even if the client appears stable.

📌Core Message

Clients on metformin need follow-up before CT with contrast due to lactic acidosis risk.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Another form of contraception is not needed.

Rationale :

⚠️St. John’s wort induces liver enzymes, which can reduce hormonal contraceptive effectiveness.

📉This leads to lower estrogen levels, increasing the risk of unintended pregnancy.

🧬Clients must use an additional method of contraception while taking St. John’s wort.

🔄Patient education must include interaction risks with common medications and hormones.

📌Core Message

St. John’s wort decreases birth control effectiveness, requiring backup contraception.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Notify the healthcare provider.

Rationale :

✋Hand tremors can be a side effect of pregabalin, indicating neurological impact.

📞The provider must be notified to evaluate the need for dosage adjustment or medication change.

⚠️Ignoring tremors could lead to worsening side effects or medication toxicity.

🔍Prompt communication ensures patient safety and appropriate care modification.

📌Core Message

Tremors from pregabalin require provider notification for evaluation and possible adjustment.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Be aware that difficulty sleeping and weight loss may occur.

Rationale :

🌙Bupropion acts on norepinephrine and dopamine, often causing insomnia and appetite suppression.

🧠These effects make it useful for smoking cessation, but patients must be warned about stimulant-like effects.

💤Taking the medication earlier in the day may help reduce sleep disturbances.

⚖️Monitoring weight is important, especially in clients with comorbid conditions.

📌Core Message

Bupropion may cause insomnia and weight loss due to stimulant effects on brain chemicals.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Provides an analgesic effect for irritated bladder mucosa.

Rationale :

💧Phenazopyridine is a urinary tract analgesic that provides symptomatic relief, not antibacterial action.

🧊It works by numbing the bladder lining, reducing burning and discomfort during urination.

🚫It does not treat infection and is typically used alongside antibiotics for cystitis.

🔬Its primary therapeutic effect is pain relief, not cure.

📌Core Message

Phenazopyridine provides pain relief for bladder irritation, not antibacterial action.

HESI RN 311 Pharmacology

No.

1 :
A patient with peptic ulcer disease is scheduled to receive doses of pantoprazole IV and sucralfate PO before breakfast at 0800. The patient reports experiencing heartburn. The nurse brings the scheduled medications. Which action should the nurse take?

2 :
A client with a history of anaphylactic reaction to penicillin receives a prescription for cephalexin 500 mg PO twice daily. Which action should the nurse take?

3 :
Ferrous sulfate elixir is prescribed for a client with iron deficiency anemia. Which instruction should the nurse provide this client about taking the liquid medication?

4 :
A client with chronic asthma receives a prescription for montelukast, a leukotriene modifier. Which statement by the client indicates to the nurse that medication teaching was effective?

5 :
The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client with metastatic cancer who is prescribed morphine for bone pain. Which information from the client indicates to the nurse an understanding of the medication?

6 :
A client is scheduled for a spiral computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast to evaluate for pulmonary embolism. Which information in the client’s history requires follow-up by the nurse?

7 :
A female client with mild depression reports to the nurse that she recently started taking St. John’s wort. Which information provided by the client requires further instruction?

8 :
A client who is receiving pregabalin for fibromyalgia complains of tremors in the hands. Which action should the nurse implement?

9 :
A client with a history of smoking cigarettes for many years arrives at the clinic and expresses a desire to stop smoking. The client receives a prescription for bupropion to reduce nicotine cravings. Which information should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

10 :
A client with cystitis receives a prescription for phenazopyridine. Which information should the nurse explain to the client about its therapeutic effect?

HESI RN 311 Pharmacology

No.

1 : A patient with peptic ulcer disease is scheduled to receive doses of pantoprazole IV and sucralfate PO before breakfast at 0800. The patient reports experiencing heartburn. The nurse brings the scheduled medications. Which action should the nurse take?

2 : A client with a history of anaphylactic reaction to penicillin receives a prescription for cephalexin 500 mg PO twice daily. Which action should the nurse take?

3 : Ferrous sulfate elixir is prescribed for a client with iron deficiency anemia. Which instruction should the nurse provide this client about taking the liquid medication?

4 : A client with chronic asthma receives a prescription for montelukast, a leukotriene modifier. Which statement by the client indicates to the nurse that medication teaching was effective?

5 : The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client with metastatic cancer who is prescribed morphine for bone pain. Which information from the client indicates to the nurse an understanding of the medication?

6 : A client is scheduled for a spiral computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast to evaluate for pulmonary embolism. Which information in the client’s history requires follow-up by the nurse?

7 : A female client with mild depression reports to the nurse that she recently started taking St. John’s wort. Which information provided by the client requires further instruction?

8 : A client who is receiving pregabalin for fibromyalgia complains of tremors in the hands. Which action should the nurse implement?

9 : A client with a history of smoking cigarettes for many years arrives at the clinic and expresses a desire to stop smoking. The client receives a prescription for bupropion to reduce nicotine cravings. Which information should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

10 : A client with cystitis receives a prescription for phenazopyridine. Which information should the nurse explain to the client about its therapeutic effect?

1 :
A patient with peptic ulcer disease is scheduled to receive doses of pantoprazole IV and sucralfate PO before breakfast at 0800. The patient reports experiencing heartburn. The nurse brings the scheduled medications. Which action should the nurse take?

2 :
A client with a history of anaphylactic reaction to penicillin receives a prescription for cephalexin 500 mg PO twice daily. Which action should the nurse take?

3 :
Ferrous sulfate elixir is prescribed for a client with iron deficiency anemia. Which instruction should the nurse provide this client about taking the liquid medication?

4 :
A client with chronic asthma receives a prescription for montelukast, a leukotriene modifier. Which statement by the client indicates to the nurse that medication teaching was effective?

5 :
The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client with metastatic cancer who is prescribed morphine for bone pain. Which information from the client indicates to the nurse an understanding of the medication?

6 :
A client is scheduled for a spiral computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast to evaluate for pulmonary embolism. Which information in the client’s history requires follow-up by the nurse?

7 :
A female client with mild depression reports to the nurse that she recently started taking St. John’s wort. Which information provided by the client requires further instruction?

8 :
A client who is receiving pregabalin for fibromyalgia complains of tremors in the hands. Which action should the nurse implement?

9 :
A client with a history of smoking cigarettes for many years arrives at the clinic and expresses a desire to stop smoking. The client receives a prescription for bupropion to reduce nicotine cravings. Which information should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

10 :
A client with cystitis receives a prescription for phenazopyridine. Which information should the nurse explain to the client about its therapeutic effect?