Question

One week after removing a tick that bit him, a student arrives at the school nurse's office with reports of flu-like symptoms. Which intervention should the school nurse implement first?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Observe for a rash around the tick bite site.

Rationale :

🔍One of the most significant early indicators of Lyme disease is the development of a bull’s-eye rash (erythema migrans), which typically appears around 7 days post-tick bite.

🦟The presence or absence of this rash helps the nurse determine if the student's flu-like symptoms are related to tick-borne illness.

📋Observation is a focused assessment step, which precedes action such as referring the student for medical evaluation.

👩‍⚕️Assessing for a rash provides critical information to support clinical suspicion and guide timely parental notification and referral.

📌Core Message

In evaluating possible Lyme disease, the nurse should first observe for a characteristic rash, which provides essential diagnostic clues for prompt follow-up care.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

An olive-shaped mass in the abdominal area.

Rationale :

👶The presence of an olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant is a classic clinical sign of pyloric stenosis in infants.

🩺This mass represents the hypertrophied pyloric muscle, which can be palpated especially after vomiting.

🤮The forceful vomiting is due to gastric outlet obstruction, and this mass helps confirm the diagnosis.

🧃Other signs like dehydration and weight loss are also common, but the olive-shaped mass is a distinguishing physical finding.

📌Core Message

The palpable olive-shaped mass is a classic indicator of pyloric stenosis and helps confirm the diagnosis alongside vomiting and dehydration.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

2 months.

Rationale :

📆The standard hepatitis B vaccine schedule for infants includes doses at birth, 1–2 months, and 6–18 months.

👶If the first dose was given at birth, the second dose is due at 1–2 months, making 2 months the appropriate return time.

🧪This spacing ensures the infant develops adequate antibody protection without delays in the immunization timeline.

🩺Accurate timing of vaccine doses is essential to promote effective long-term immunity and meet public health guidelines.

📌Core Message

After receiving the first hepatitis B vaccine at birth, the second dose should be given at 1–2 months, making 2 months the correct follow-up timing.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Child has grown since placement.

Rationale :

📏As a child grows, a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt may require adjustment or lengthening due to physical changes in body proportions.

🧠The shunt tubing may become too short or kinked, leading to inadequate cerebrospinal fluid drainage.

🧒Growth-related revisions are common in pediatric clients, as the original shunt is sized for their initial body measurements.

🔧This mechanical limitation makes growth the most common reason for shunt revision, rather than infection or valve malfunction.

📌Core Message

Child growth is the most frequent reason for VP shunt revision, as physical development can affect shunt function and placement.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Perform bulb syringe suction with nasal saline drops

Rationale :

👃Infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) often have excessive nasal secretions, so clearing the airways is crucial.

🍼Using a bulb syringe with saline drops loosens and removes mucus, improving airway patency and feeding ability.

💨This method is safe and effective for caregivers to use at home without medication.

🚫Other interventions, such as prone sleeping or routine albuterol, are not recommended unless specifically prescribed.

📌Core Message

Nasal suctioning with saline drops is a first-line home care intervention for infants with RSV to maintain clear airways and reduce breathing effort.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

The client may be experiencing stress at home or at school.
The client may be ingesting too many calories for his energy needs.
The client may have increased insulin requirements due to puberty.

Rationale :

😓Stress, whether from home or school, can increase cortisol levels and raise blood glucose, impacting glycemic control.

🍔Excess calorie intake—especially with carbohydrates—without matched insulin can lead to elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

📈During puberty, hormonal shifts cause insulin resistance, which increases insulin requirements and can worsen blood glucose control.

📊These three factors are common contributors to a rising HbA1c in adolescent clients with diabetes.

📌Core Message

Stress, excess calorie intake, and pubertal insulin resistance are key contributors to elevated HbA1c in pediatric diabetes management.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

6

Rationale :

🧮The prescribed dose is 300 mg, and the suspension is 250 mg per 5 mL, requiring a calculation to determine the correct dose.

📏Using dimensional analysis: (300 mg ÷ 250 mg) × 5 mL = 6 mL per dose.

💊This ensures accurate medication administration and prevents underdosing or overdosing.

🔢Such calculations are essential in pediatric dosing to maintain therapeutic safety.

📌Core Message

For a 300 mg dose using a 250 mg/5 mL suspension, the correct volume to administer is 6 mL, ensuring precise pediatric dosing.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Notify the healthcare provider of these findings.

Rationale :

📈An increase in respiratory and heart rates postoperatively may indicate pain, distress, or early complications.

📞Promptly reporting such changes allows the provider to assess for respiratory compromise, infection, or pain.

⚠️Vital sign trends should never be ignored in neonates, especially after surgery, as they may deteriorate quickly.

🩺Documentation alone is not sufficient—provider notification is critical for early intervention.

📌Core Message

Post-op increases in vital signs like respiratory and heart rate require immediate provider notification to rule out complications in neonates.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Flush the mediport with saline and a heparin solution.

Rationale :

💉A mediport must be flushed with saline followed by heparin to maintain patency and prevent clot formation.

🧪This process is essential after medication administration, especially in central venous access devices.

🔒Heparin maintains catheter patency between uses, which is critical in chemotherapy management.

⚕️Failing to flush the port can lead to occlusion or infection, compromising treatment access.

📌Core Message

To prevent occlusion and maintain patency, a mediport should be flushed with saline and heparin following chemotherapy infusions.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Assess bilateral lung sounds.

Rationale :

💨A sudden weight gain in a child with heart failure may indicate fluid overload, potentially affecting the lungs.

👂Auscultating bilateral lung sounds helps detect crackles or rales, which are signs of pulmonary congestion.

💧This assessment is necessary before implementing fluid restriction or adjusting IV fluids.

🩺Prompt detection of respiratory compromise ensures timely management of potential heart failure exacerbation.

📌Core Message

In a child with heart failure and rapid weight gain, assessing lung sounds helps identify pulmonary congestion, guiding further interventions.

RN HESI Paediatrics 2023 Exam -2

No.

1 :
One week after removing a tick that bit him, a student arrives at the school nurse's office with reports of flu-like symptoms. Which intervention should the school nurse implement first?

3 :
A healthy 2-day-old newborn received the first dose of hepatitis B prior to being discharge home with the parents. The nurse should instruct the parents to return to the clinic for the infant's next dose of hepatitis B in how many months?

4 :
The nurse knows that a shunt procedure is the therapy of choice in almost all cases of hydrocephalus. Which is the most common reason for revision of a child's ventriculoperitoneal shunt?

5 :
An infant diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus is being discharged. Which instruction should the nurse include in caregiver education?

6 :
What are some possible changes that might explain the trend in glycosylated hemoglobin in this client? Select all that apply.

7 :
The healthcare provider prescribes amoxicillin-clavulanic acid suspension 300 mg by mouth (PO) three times daily (TID) for a child with a lower respiratory infection. The bottle is labelled, 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer in a single dose? (Enter numeric value only.)

8 :
A 2-week-old female infant is hospitalized for the surgical repair of an umbilical hernia. After returning to the postoperative neonatal unit, her respiratory rate and heart rate have increased during the last hour. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

9 :
A 16-year-old adolescent with acute myelocytic leukemia is receiving chemotherapy via an implanted medication port at the outpatient oncology clinic. Which action should the nurse implement when the infusion is complete?

10 :
A 6-year-old with heart failure (HF) gained 2 pounds (0.9 kg) in the last 24 hours. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement?

RN HESI Paediatrics 2023 Exam -2

No.

1 : One week after removing a tick that bit him, a student arrives at the school nurse's office with reports of flu-like symptoms. Which intervention should the school nurse implement first?

3 : A healthy 2-day-old newborn received the first dose of hepatitis B prior to being discharge home with the parents. The nurse should instruct the parents to return to the clinic for the infant's next dose of hepatitis B in how many months?

4 : The nurse knows that a shunt procedure is the therapy of choice in almost all cases of hydrocephalus. Which is the most common reason for revision of a child's ventriculoperitoneal shunt?

5 : An infant diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus is being discharged. Which instruction should the nurse include in caregiver education?

6 : What are some possible changes that might explain the trend in glycosylated hemoglobin in this client? Select all that apply.

7 : The healthcare provider prescribes amoxicillin-clavulanic acid suspension 300 mg by mouth (PO) three times daily (TID) for a child with a lower respiratory infection. The bottle is labelled, 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer in a single dose? (Enter numeric value only.)

8 : A 2-week-old female infant is hospitalized for the surgical repair of an umbilical hernia. After returning to the postoperative neonatal unit, her respiratory rate and heart rate have increased during the last hour. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

9 : A 16-year-old adolescent with acute myelocytic leukemia is receiving chemotherapy via an implanted medication port at the outpatient oncology clinic. Which action should the nurse implement when the infusion is complete?

10 : A 6-year-old with heart failure (HF) gained 2 pounds (0.9 kg) in the last 24 hours. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement?

1 :
One week after removing a tick that bit him, a student arrives at the school nurse's office with reports of flu-like symptoms. Which intervention should the school nurse implement first?

3 :
A healthy 2-day-old newborn received the first dose of hepatitis B prior to being discharge home with the parents. The nurse should instruct the parents to return to the clinic for the infant's next dose of hepatitis B in how many months?

4 :
The nurse knows that a shunt procedure is the therapy of choice in almost all cases of hydrocephalus. Which is the most common reason for revision of a child's ventriculoperitoneal shunt?

5 :
An infant diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus is being discharged. Which instruction should the nurse include in caregiver education?

6 :
What are some possible changes that might explain the trend in glycosylated hemoglobin in this client? Select all that apply.

7 :
The healthcare provider prescribes amoxicillin-clavulanic acid suspension 300 mg by mouth (PO) three times daily (TID) for a child with a lower respiratory infection. The bottle is labelled, 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer in a single dose? (Enter numeric value only.)

8 :
A 2-week-old female infant is hospitalized for the surgical repair of an umbilical hernia. After returning to the postoperative neonatal unit, her respiratory rate and heart rate have increased during the last hour. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

9 :
A 16-year-old adolescent with acute myelocytic leukemia is receiving chemotherapy via an implanted medication port at the outpatient oncology clinic. Which action should the nurse implement when the infusion is complete?

10 :
A 6-year-old with heart failure (HF) gained 2 pounds (0.9 kg) in the last 24 hours. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement?