Question

A multiparous client with active herpes lesions is admitted to the unit with spontaneous rupture of membranes. Which action should the nurse take?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Prepare for a cesarean section.

Rationale :

🦠Active herpes lesions during labor significantly increase the risk of neonatal herpes transmission if delivered vaginally.

👶A cesarean section is the recommended delivery method to prevent the newborn from exposure to the virus in the birth canal.

🛑Actions like covering the lesion or using penicillin are ineffective because they do not eliminate the viral shedding risk.

📉Immediate surgical delivery is a critical intervention that helps reduce the incidence of neonatal morbidity and mortality due to herpes simplex virus.

📌Core Message

Cesarean section is the safest delivery method for clients with active herpes lesions and ruptured membranes to prevent neonatal HSV transmission.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Check serum human chorionic gonadotropin.

Rationale :

🩸Serum hCG levels help evaluate whether the pregnancy is viable or possibly ending in a miscarriage.

📉Falling hCG levels indicate a nonviable pregnancy, while rising levels suggest continued development.

🔍Other options like verifying LMP or repeating a urine test do not provide insight into current pregnancy status.

📋This test is particularly useful during the first trimester, when viability is uncertain due to symptoms like bleeding.

📌Core Message

Serum hCG testing is essential in evaluating early vaginal bleeding as it confirms pregnancy viability.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

The ointment will prevent eye infections.

Rationale :

👁️Newborn eye ointment is routinely used to prevent bacterial infections like ophthalmia neonatorum.

🦠This is primarily caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis, which can be acquired during birth.

💊The typical agents used are erythromycin or tetracycline, applied to both eyes within the first hour of life.

🚫The ointment does not enhance vision or prevent viral infections such as herpes, nor does it dilate the pupil.

📌Core Message

Erythromycin ointment is applied to the eyes of newborns to prevent bacterial eye infections like ophthalmia neonatorum.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Folic acid.

Rationale :

🧠Folic acid supplementation before conception and during early pregnancy prevents neural tube defects such as anencephaly.

📅Neural tube formation occurs in the first 3–4 weeks of pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant.

🥗This nutrient supports the development of the fetal brain and spinal cord, and its deficiency increases birth defect risk.

🚫Iron, calcium, and vitamin D are important for general health but do not prevent congenital anomalies like anencephaly.

📌Core Message

Folic acid is necessary during preconception and early pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects like anencephaly.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with hypercyanotic (Tet) spells is crying.

Rationale :

💙Tet spells occur when oxygen levels drop dangerously low due to decreased pulmonary blood flow in TOF.

🆘A crying infant experiencing a hypercyanotic spell is in acute distress and requires immediate intervention.

🫀Murmurs or elevated BP in other defects are significant but do not carry the same level of urgency as Tet spells.

🏥Prompt positioning and oxygen administration can stabilize the infant and prevent brain damage or death.

📌Core Message

A crying infant with Tetralogy of Fallot and Tet spells needs urgent care due to severe hypoxia risk.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Tell me what an operation is.

Rationale :

🗣️Asking an open-ended question invites the child to express their understanding and concerns.

🧒This approach helps identify any misconceptions or fears the child may have about surgery.

🫶It supports age-appropriate communication, fostering trust and emotional safety.

🚫Other responses are either too vague, overly reassuring, or limit the child’s chance to explain their feelings.

📌Core Message

Asking the child to describe what they know allows the nurse to assess and correct misunderstandings and promote child-centered communication.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Provide positive pressure ventilation.

Rationale :

💨Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is the priority when a newborn is apneic but has a heart rate ≥100 bpm.

🫁PPV helps initiate effective lung inflation and spontaneous breathing.

🚫Blow-by oxygen is not adequate in the absence of respirations, and intubation is a next step only if PPV fails.

💉Starting an IV is secondary and does not address the immediate respiratory crisis.

📌Core Message

Positive pressure ventilation is the immediate intervention for an apneic newborn with a stable heart rate to initiate breathing and oxygenation.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Opens mouth when food comes her way.

Rationale :

👄This behavior indicates that the baby is developmentally ready for solids and can coordinate swallowing.

👶Readiness typically emerges around 4–6 months of age, and opening the mouth is a key sign.

🚫Stopping the rooting reflex or waking at night are not reliable cues for readiness.

🥄Transitioning from bottle to cup happens later and does not signal solid food readiness.

📌Core Message

A baby showing mouth-opening behavior at the sight of food indicates developmental readiness for solid food introduction.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Heat loss.

Rationale :

🌡️Newborns are vulnerable to rapid heat loss due to a large surface area and immature thermoregulation.

🧣Preventing hypothermia is essential because it supports oxygenation and glucose stability.

🧊Cold stress can worsen respiratory issues and lead to complications like acidosis.

💧While other issues like hypoglycemia and bleeding matter, thermoregulation is the first priority after birth.

📌Core Message

Preventing heat loss is the top priority after birth because it supports respiratory stability, glucose regulation, and overall adaptation.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Ask if the father can help with the injections.

Rationale :

👨‍👩‍👦When a primary caregiver expresses inability or fear of performing essential medical tasks like insulin administration, the nurse must explore alternative safe support systems within the family.

🧔Asking if the father can assist allows the nurse to identify another capable and willing adult to ensure the child’s treatment adherence and safety.

📘This approach is nonjudgmental, maintains the child’s treatment plan, and encourages shared caregiving responsibility, which is common in chronic illness management.

🧠While assessing the child's ability may be helpful in the long term, involving a capable adult immediately is crucial when the primary caregiver is unable to act.

📌Core Message

When a caregiver is unable to perform insulin injections, it is critical to involve another responsible family member, such as the father, to maintain safe and consistent diabetes management.

HESI RN Pediatrics 2024 Exam-1

No.

1 :
A multiparous client with active herpes lesions is admitted to the unit with spontaneous rupture of membranes. Which action should the nurse take?

2 :
A client at 6-weeks gestation presents to the office with a report of vaginal bleeding for the last 12 hours without cramping. Which action should the nurse take?

3 :
A father watching the admission of his newborn to the nursery notices that eye ointment is placed in the infant's eyes. He asks the nurse what is the purpose of the ointment. Which response by the nurse will best explain the purpose for administering the ointment?

4 :
The nurse is providing preconception counseling. Which supplement should the nurse recommend to help prevent the occurrence of anencephaly?

5 :
The nurse who is working on a pediatric unit receives a shift report for four neonates with congenital heart defects. The neonate with which report requires the most immediate intervention?

6 :
During the admission process of a school-age child, the child states, "I'm going to have an operation.”. Which response is best for the nurse to provide to this child?

7 :
Following a vaginal delivery, the nurse places the neonate under the radiant warmer to elicit spontaneous respirations. The newborn has a heart rate of 100 beats per minute and remains apneic when the nurse flicks the soles of the feet. Which action should the nurse implement next?

8 :
The mother of a 4-month-old baby girl asks the nurse when she should introduce solid foods to her infant.The mother states, "My mother says I should put rice cereal in the baby's bottle now.”. The nurse should instruct the mother to introduce solid foods when her child exhibits which behavior?

9 :
The nurse receives a newborn within the first minutes after a vaginal delivery and intervenes to establish adequate respirations. Which priority issue should the nurse address to ensure the newborn's survival?

HESI RN Pediatrics 2024 Exam-1

No.

1 : A multiparous client with active herpes lesions is admitted to the unit with spontaneous rupture of membranes. Which action should the nurse take?

2 : A client at 6-weeks gestation presents to the office with a report of vaginal bleeding for the last 12 hours without cramping. Which action should the nurse take?

3 : A father watching the admission of his newborn to the nursery notices that eye ointment is placed in the infant's eyes. He asks the nurse what is the purpose of the ointment. Which response by the nurse will best explain the purpose for administering the ointment?

4 : The nurse is providing preconception counseling. Which supplement should the nurse recommend to help prevent the occurrence of anencephaly?

5 : The nurse who is working on a pediatric unit receives a shift report for four neonates with congenital heart defects. The neonate with which report requires the most immediate intervention?

6 : During the admission process of a school-age child, the child states, "I'm going to have an operation.”. Which response is best for the nurse to provide to this child?

7 : Following a vaginal delivery, the nurse places the neonate under the radiant warmer to elicit spontaneous respirations. The newborn has a heart rate of 100 beats per minute and remains apneic when the nurse flicks the soles of the feet. Which action should the nurse implement next?

9 : The nurse receives a newborn within the first minutes after a vaginal delivery and intervenes to establish adequate respirations. Which priority issue should the nurse address to ensure the newborn's survival?

1 :
A multiparous client with active herpes lesions is admitted to the unit with spontaneous rupture of membranes. Which action should the nurse take?

2 :
A client at 6-weeks gestation presents to the office with a report of vaginal bleeding for the last 12 hours without cramping. Which action should the nurse take?

3 :
A father watching the admission of his newborn to the nursery notices that eye ointment is placed in the infant's eyes. He asks the nurse what is the purpose of the ointment. Which response by the nurse will best explain the purpose for administering the ointment?

4 :
The nurse is providing preconception counseling. Which supplement should the nurse recommend to help prevent the occurrence of anencephaly?

5 :
The nurse who is working on a pediatric unit receives a shift report for four neonates with congenital heart defects. The neonate with which report requires the most immediate intervention?

6 :
During the admission process of a school-age child, the child states, "I'm going to have an operation.”. Which response is best for the nurse to provide to this child?

7 :
Following a vaginal delivery, the nurse places the neonate under the radiant warmer to elicit spontaneous respirations. The newborn has a heart rate of 100 beats per minute and remains apneic when the nurse flicks the soles of the feet. Which action should the nurse implement next?

9 :
The nurse receives a newborn within the first minutes after a vaginal delivery and intervenes to establish adequate respirations. Which priority issue should the nurse address to ensure the newborn's survival?