Question

A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin 1.5 mg PO to a client. The amount available is digoxin 0.5 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

3

Rationale :

💊To determine how many tablets to administer, divide the prescribed dose (1.5 mg) by the tablet strength (0.5 mg/tablet).

🧮This results in 1.5 ÷ 0.5 = 3 tablets.

📏Always round to the nearest whole number when indicated and verify accuracy before administration.

📋Administering the correct number of tablets ensures safe medication dosing and prevents under- or overdosing.

📌Core Message

Accurate medication calculation is essential for safe administration, especially when converting milligrams to tablets using the provided tablet strength.

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Alcoholism.

Rationale :

🍷Chronic alcohol use is a common cause of hypomagnesemia, often due to poor dietary intake and increased urinary losses.

🧪A magnesium level of 1.2 mg/dL is below the normal range (1.5–2.5 mg/dL), indicating deficiency.

🩺Alcohol interferes with magnesium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and increases renal excretion.

🔬This deficiency can lead to symptoms like muscle weakness, irritability, and cardiac dysrhythmias, making identification of the underlying cause critical.

📌Core Message

Alcoholism is a major contributor to magnesium deficiency due to impaired absorption and increased excretion.

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Right lower quadrant.

Rationale :

📍The terminal ileum is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, making this the appropriate site for an ileostomy stoma.

🧭Knowing anatomical locations helps the nurse anticipate stoma placement, care requirements, and possible complications.

🩹An ileostomy in this area allows for efficient diversion of bowel contents after removal of the colon.

⚕️Proper site identification aids in effective preoperative teaching and postoperative care planning.

📌Core Message

The right lower quadrant is the standard site for a terminal ileostomy, aligning with intestinal anatomy.

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Hyperkalemia.

Rationale :

⚠️Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is administered to treat hyperkalemia, which is elevated serum potassium.

💊The medication works by exchanging sodium for potassium in the intestines, promoting potassium excretion through the stool.

📉An irregular pulse and muscle weakness are classic signs of potassium toxicity.

🩺Prompt treatment is essential to prevent life-threatening arrhythmias associated with high potassium levels.

📌Core Message

Kayexalate is used to lower elevated potassium levels, commonly associated with hyperkalemia symptoms like muscle weakness and arrhythmias.

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

I will sleep with the head of my bed elevated.
I will consume less caffeine and fewer spicy foods.
I will try not to gain weight.

Rationale :

🛏️Sleeping with the head of the bed elevated helps reduce reflux symptoms by minimizing upward flow of stomach contents.

🌶️Reducing caffeine and spicy food intake decreases gastric irritation, which is important for managing a hiatal hernia.

⚖️Maintaining a healthy weight reduces pressure on the abdomen, thereby lowering the risk of reflux and herniation.

🚫Lying down after meals and fluid restriction are not recommended; they can worsen reflux symptoms or lead to dehydration.

📌Core Message

Lifestyle changes such as head elevation, avoiding irritants, and weight management are essential in managing hiatal hernia symptoms.

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Notify the provider of the client's allergy.

Rationale :

⚠️An allergy to shellfish is significant because it may indicate a potential reaction to iodine-based contrast used in cardiac catheterization.

📞The provider must be informed immediately to assess the need for prophylactic medication or alternate imaging.

🩺This action is priority to prevent possible anaphylaxis during the procedure.

📋Documenting the allergy is important, but communicating with the provider ensures appropriate precautions are taken in advance.

📌Core Message

Allergies that pose risk for contrast reactions require provider notification for immediate intervention and safety.

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Use the inhaler before engaging in physical activity.

Rationale :

🏃‍♂️Using a bronchodilator before activity helps open the airways, reducing the risk of exertion-induced shortness of breath.

💨These medications provide rapid bronchodilation, making breathing easier during physical stress.

🩺Skipping doses or waiting for symptoms to worsen is dangerous in chronic conditions like COPD.

⚕️Patient education on timing and consistency of inhaler use improves respiratory outcomes and activity tolerance.

📌Core Message

Inhaled bronchodilators should be used before exertion to prevent COPD exacerbations and optimize breathing.

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

To provide essential nutrients while allowing the bowel to rest and heal.

Rationale :

🧃Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, supplying nutrients intravenously.

🖋️This allows the inflamed bowel in conditions like IBD to rest, reducing irritation and promoting healing.

🥼TPN is often indicated in severe cases where oral or enteral nutrition is not tolerated or effective.

📊It helps prevent malnutrition, supports immune function, and improves clinical outcomes during flares.

📌Core Message

TPN supports healing in IBD by providing nutrition while resting the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Helicobacter pylori infection.

Rationale :

🦠The most common cause of duodenal ulcers is infection with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that weakens the mucosal lining.

🧫This leads to increased susceptibility to gastric acid, resulting in ulcer formation, especially in the duodenum.

📊While NSAIDs and stress can contribute, H. pylori is the primary culprit in most chronic cases.

💊Treatment often involves antibiotics and acid-reducing therapy to eliminate the bacteria and promote healing.

📌Core Message

H. pylori is the leading cause of duodenal ulcers, requiring targeted antibiotic therapy for resolution.

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Notify the health care provider.

Rationale :

🚨Persistent severe pain after ORIF, despite opioid administration, along with a cool limb and faint pulses, suggests compartment syndrome, a surgical emergency.

🧊The coolness of the foot and poor perfusion are signs of impaired circulation, which can lead to irreversible tissue damage.

📞The priority action is to immediately notify the provider to prevent loss of limb or life.

⚠️Delays in intervention can result in permanent neuromuscular damage, and assessment alone is not sufficient at this point.

📌Core Message

Unrelieved pain, cool extremity, and diminished pulses indicate possible compartment syndrome—a medical emergency requiring immediate provider notification.

ATI Med Surg Final Exam-1

No.

1 :
A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin 1.5 mg PO to a client. The amount available is digoxin 0.5 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

2 :
A client is admitted to the emergency department with a magnesium level of 1.2 mg/dL. The nurse is aware that a likely cause of the value is which of the following:

3 :
A client diagnosed with ulcerative colitis is scheduled for a terminal ileostomy. The nurse is aware the stoma will be in what area of the client's abdomen?

4 :
The nurse is preparing to administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) rectally to a patient with an irregular pulse and weakness of the lower extremities. What laboratory finding does the nurse determine is the reason for this treatment?

5 :
A nurse is teaching a client who has a hiatal hernia about dietary recommendations. Which of the following client statements indicate an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

6 :
The nurse asks a client who is about to have a cardiac catheterization about any allergies. The client states, "l always get a rash when I eat shellfish.". Which of the following is the priority nursing action?

7 :
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being discharged home with a new prescription for an inhaled bronchodilator. Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

8 :
Which of the following is a rationale for prescribing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for a patient with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

9 :
A 36-year-old patient with suspected gastrointestinal (Gl) bleeding undergoes a diagnostic endoscopy which determines the site of bleeding is a duodenal ulcer. What is the most likely cause of a duodenal ulcer?

ATI Med Surg Final Exam-1

No.

1 : A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin 1.5 mg PO to a client. The amount available is digoxin 0.5 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

2 : A client is admitted to the emergency department with a magnesium level of 1.2 mg/dL. The nurse is aware that a likely cause of the value is which of the following:

3 : A client diagnosed with ulcerative colitis is scheduled for a terminal ileostomy. The nurse is aware the stoma will be in what area of the client's abdomen?

4 : The nurse is preparing to administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) rectally to a patient with an irregular pulse and weakness of the lower extremities. What laboratory finding does the nurse determine is the reason for this treatment?

5 : A nurse is teaching a client who has a hiatal hernia about dietary recommendations. Which of the following client statements indicate an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

6 : The nurse asks a client who is about to have a cardiac catheterization about any allergies. The client states, "l always get a rash when I eat shellfish.". Which of the following is the priority nursing action?

7 : A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being discharged home with a new prescription for an inhaled bronchodilator. Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

8 : Which of the following is a rationale for prescribing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for a patient with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

9 : A 36-year-old patient with suspected gastrointestinal (Gl) bleeding undergoes a diagnostic endoscopy which determines the site of bleeding is a duodenal ulcer. What is the most likely cause of a duodenal ulcer?

1 :
A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin 1.5 mg PO to a client. The amount available is digoxin 0.5 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

2 :
A client is admitted to the emergency department with a magnesium level of 1.2 mg/dL. The nurse is aware that a likely cause of the value is which of the following:

3 :
A client diagnosed with ulcerative colitis is scheduled for a terminal ileostomy. The nurse is aware the stoma will be in what area of the client's abdomen?

4 :
The nurse is preparing to administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) rectally to a patient with an irregular pulse and weakness of the lower extremities. What laboratory finding does the nurse determine is the reason for this treatment?

5 :
A nurse is teaching a client who has a hiatal hernia about dietary recommendations. Which of the following client statements indicate an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

6 :
The nurse asks a client who is about to have a cardiac catheterization about any allergies. The client states, "l always get a rash when I eat shellfish.". Which of the following is the priority nursing action?

7 :
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being discharged home with a new prescription for an inhaled bronchodilator. Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

8 :
Which of the following is a rationale for prescribing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for a patient with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

9 :
A 36-year-old patient with suspected gastrointestinal (Gl) bleeding undergoes a diagnostic endoscopy which determines the site of bleeding is a duodenal ulcer. What is the most likely cause of a duodenal ulcer?